PDF-(EBOOK)-A Social History of American Technology

A Social History of American Technology Second Edition tells the story of American technology from the tools used by its earliest inhabitants to the technological systemscars and computers aircraft and antibioticsthat we are familiar with today Ruth Schwartz Cowan and Matthew H Herschdemonstrate how technological change has always been closely related to social and economic development and examine the important mutual relationships between social history and technological change They explain how the unique characteristics of American cultures and American geography haveaffected the technologies that have been invented manufactured and used throughout the yearsand also the reverse how those technologies have affected the daily lives the unique cultures and the environments of all Americans. Slides. by. Eric . Foner. Give Me Liberty! . AN AMERICAN HISTORY. FOURTH EDITION. Chapter 3. Lecture Preview. Global Competition and the Expansion of . England's Empire. Origins of American Slavery. History 350. March 31, 2015. Some Bureaucratic Matters. History 350 is the first term of two on the history of American Radicalism. It deals with the period from the American Revolution through the late 1800s. . History 350. March 31, 2015. Some Bureaucratic Matters. History 350 is the first term of two on the history of American Radicalism. It deals with the period from the American Revolution through the late 1800s. . How did these individuals . shape the field of sociology?. Auguste Comte. The principle of co-operation, spontaneous or concerted, is the basis of society, and the object of society must ever be to find the right place for its individual members in its great co-operative scheme. There is, however, a danger of exaggerated specialism; it concentrates the attention of individuals on small parts of the social machine, and thus narrows their sense of the social community, and produces an indifference to the larger interests of humanity. It is lamentable to find an artisan spending his life making pin-heads, and it is equally lamentable to find a man with mind employing his mind only in the solution of equations.. Introduction . Media history and technology . Topics . About history . Historians and their motives . Social histories and critiques of media . About media technology . Four revolutions in mass media . Curriculum Vitae Personal Data Place of Birth: Los Angeles, California Marital Status: Married, one child Office Address: Pitzer College, 1050 N. Mills, Claremont, CA 91711 Telephone: (909) 626 - 1Issue 29MAY 2020FROM THE SECTION CHAIRThe essays offered herewereproducedby History of Sociology HoS Section members in response to a requestin April 2020from Footnotesasking all Section chairs to so A Social History of American Technology, Second Edition, tells the story of American technology from the tools used by its earliest inhabitants to the technological systems--cars and computers, aircraft and antibiotics--that we are familiar with today. Ruth Schwartz Cowan and Matthew H. Hersch demonstrate how technological change has always been closely related to social and economic development, and examine the important mutual relationships between social history and technological change. They explain how the unique characteristics of American cultures and American geography have affected the technologies that have been invented, manufactured, and used throughout the years--and also the reverse: how those technologies have affected the daily lives, the unique cultures, and the environments of all Americans. Between 1965 and 1987, the cesarean section rate in the United States rose precipitously--from 4.5 percent to 25 percent of births. By 2009, one in three births was by cesarean, a far higher number than the 5-10% rate that the World Health Organization suggests is optimal. While physicians largely avoided cesareans through the mid-twentieth century, by the early twenty-first century, cesarean section was the most commonly performed surgery in the country. Although the procedure can be life-saving, how--and why--did it become so ubiquitous?Cesarean Section is the first book to chronicle this history. In exploring the creation of the complex social, cultural, economic, and medical factors leading to the surgery\'s increase, Jacqueline H. Wolf describes obstetricians\' reliance on assorted medical technologies that weakened the skills they had traditionally employed to foster vaginal birth. She also reflects on an unsettling malpractice climate--prompted in part by a raft of dubious diagnoses--that helped to legitimize defensive medicine, and a health care system that ensured cesarean birth would be more lucrative than vaginal birth. In exaggerating the risks of vaginal birth, doctors and patients alike came to view cesareans as normal and, increasingly, as essential. Sweeping change in women\'s lives beginning in the 1970s cemented this markedly different approach to childbirth.Wolf examines the public health effects of a high cesarean rate and explains how the language of reproductive choice has been used to discourage debate about cesareans and the risks associated with the surgery. Drawing on data from nineteenth- and early twentieth-century obstetric logs to better represent the experience of cesarean surgery for women of all classes and races, as well as interviews with obstetricians who have performed cesareans and women who have given birth by cesarean, Cesarean Section is the definitive history of the use of this surgical procedure and its effects on women\'s and children\'s health in the United States. A Social History of American Technology, Second Edition, tells the story of American technology from the tools used by its earliest inhabitants to the technological systems--cars and computers, aircraft and antibiotics--that we are familiar with today. Ruth Schwartz Cowan and Matthew H. Hersch demonstrate how technological change has always been closely related to social and economic development, and examine the important mutual relationships between social history and technological change. They explain how the unique characteristics of American cultures and American geography have affected the technologies that have been invented, manufactured, and used throughout the years--and also the reverse: how those technologies have affected the daily lives, the unique cultures, and the environments of all Americans. As any American who has traveled abroad knows, the American home contains more, and more elaborate, plumbing than any other in the world. Indeed, Americans are renowned for their obsession with cleanliness. Although plumbing has occupied a central position in American life since the mid-nineteenth century, little scholarly attention has been paid to its history. Now, in All the Modern Conveniences, Maureen Ogle presents a fascinating study that explores the development of household plumbing in nineteenth-century America.Until 1840, indoor plumbing could be found only in mansions and first-class hotels. Then, in the decade before midcentury, Americans representing a wider range of economic circumstances began to install household plumbing with increasing eagerness. Ogle draws on a wide assortment of contemporary sources—sanitation reports, builders\' manuals, fixture catalogues, patent applications, and popular scientific tracts—to show how the demand for plumbing was prompted more by an emerging middle-class culture of convenience, reform, and domestic life than by fears about poor hygiene and inadequate sanitation. She also examines advancements in water-supply and waste-management technology, the architectural considerations these amenities entailed, and the scientific approach to sanitation that began to emerge by century\'s end. The American Railroad Passenger Car recaptures the lost, but not-too-distant past when 98 percent of all intercity travel in the United States was by rail. It documents in extraordinary detail the ingenuity and splendor of the classic trains as well as the rattle and clatter, the dust and cinders of early rail travel. An unparalleled record of changes in taste and technologyWith clarity and precision, White explains the methods of construction of wood, iron, steel, and aluminum cars. He traces the evolution of wheels and brakes, dining cars and sleeping compartments. And he follows the revolutions in taste and technology that dramatically altered the appearance of the railroad passenger car over the century and a half that it dominated American travel.An extraordinary resource for railroad hobbyistsDetailed plans and diagrams accompanying the text make it possible for model-builders to reconstruct many famous passenger cars themselves. Appendixes contain biographies of coach builders and designers numerous tables comparing models, materials, and prices a chronology of passenger cars and an annotated bibliography. Between 1965 and 1987, the cesarean section rate in the United States rose precipitously--from 4.5 percent to 25 percent of births. By 2009, one in three births was by cesarean, a far higher number than the 5-10% rate that the World Health Organization suggests is optimal. While physicians largely avoided cesareans through the mid-twentieth century, by the early twenty-first century, cesarean section was the most commonly performed surgery in the country. Although the procedure can be life-saving, how--and why--did it become so ubiquitous?Cesarean Section is the first book to chronicle this history. In exploring the creation of the complex social, cultural, economic, and medical factors leading to the surgery\'s increase, Jacqueline H. Wolf describes obstetricians\' reliance on assorted medical technologies that weakened the skills they had traditionally employed to foster vaginal birth. She also reflects on an unsettling malpractice climate--prompted in part by a raft of dubious diagnoses--that helped to legitimize defensive medicine, and a health care system that ensured cesarean birth would be more lucrative than vaginal birth. In exaggerating the risks of vaginal birth, doctors and patients alike came to view cesareans as normal and, increasingly, as essential. Sweeping change in women\'s lives beginning in the 1970s cemented this markedly different approach to childbirth.Wolf examines the public health effects of a high cesarean rate and explains how the language of reproductive choice has been used to discourage debate about cesareans and the risks associated with the surgery. Drawing on data from nineteenth- and early twentieth-century obstetric logs to better represent the experience of cesarean surgery for women of all classes and races, as well as interviews with obstetricians who have performed cesareans and women who have given birth by cesarean, Cesarean Section is the definitive history of the use of this surgical procedure and its effects on women\'s and children\'s health in the United States. Environmental history, American West, race/ethnicity/gender. Environmental history, American West, urban history. African-American history, Civil War/Reconstruction, abolitionism. Colonial, gender, family, community, environmental.