PDF-(READ)-Fatal Invention: How Science, Politics, and Big Business Re-create Race in the

A decade after the Human Genome Project proved that human beings are not naturally divided by race the emerging fields of personalized medicine reproductive technologies genetic genealogy and DNA databanks are attempting to resuscitate race as a biological category written in our genes In this provocative analysis leading legal scholar and social critic Dorothy Roberts argues that America is once again at the brink of a virulent outbreak of classifying population by race By searching for differences at the molecular level a new racebased science is obscuring racism in our society and legitimizing state brutality against communities of color at a time when America claims to be postracialMoving from an account of the evolution of raceproving that it has always been a mutable and socially defined political division supported by mainstream scienceRoberts delves deep into the current debates interrogating the newest science and biotechnology interviewing its researchers and exposing the political consequences obscured by the focus on genetic difference Fatal Invention is a provocative call for us to affirm our common humanity. and the Twenty-first Century. Chelsea Bell. Southern Methodist University. MSA 3325. Spring 2013. 1980-2013. Historical. Background. the 1980s. 1980 . Ronald Reagan elected president. 1981 . Lady Diana Spencer marries Prince Charles. A REPORT BY WWF June 2005 Published June 2005 by WWF -World Wide Fund for Nature (Formerly World Wildlife Fund) Gland. Switzerland Any reproduction in full or part past mention the title and credit 1. Divorce. Matthew 19:3-9. Can a man divorce his wife for just any reason?. Did our Lord’s response reflect or contradict the accepted customs of the world at that time? . 1. Divorce. Why was Jesus asked the question in the first place?. A REPORT BY WWF June 2005 Published June 2005 by WWF -World Wide Fund for Nature (Formerly World Wildlife Fund) Gland. Switzerland Any reproduction in full or part past mention the title and credit ( U working paper from Disaffected: T he Cultural Politics of Unf eeling in N ineteenth Century America under cont ract with Duke Univ ersity Press in the Perverse M odernities series ) Yao 1 Christ Winner of the 2014 John Collier Jr. Award Winner of the Jo Anne Stolaroff Cotsen PrizeLife at Home in the Twenty-First Century cross-cuts the ranks of important books on social history, consumerism, contemporary culture, the meaning of material culture, domestic architecture, and household ethnoarchaeology. It is a distant cousin of Material World and Hungry Planet in content and style, but represents a blend of rigorous science and photography that these books can claim. Using archaeological approaches to human material culture, this volume offers unprecedented access to the middle-class American home through the kaleidoscopic lens of no-limits photography and many kinds of never-before acquired data about how people actually live their lives at home.Based on a rigorous, nine-year project at UCLA, this book has appeal not only to scientists but also to all people who share intense curiosity about what goes on at home in their neighborhoods. Many who read the book will see their own lives mirrored in these pages and can reflect on how other people cope with their mountains of possessions and other daily challenges. Readers abroad will be equally fascinated by the contrasts between their own kinds of materialism and the typical American experience. The book will interest a range of designers, builders, and architects as well as scholars and students who research various facets of U.S. and global consumerism, cultural history, and economic history. Struggling to emerge from a despotic past, Thailand stands at a defining moment in its history. While scores of citizens have been killed on the streets of Bangkok and freedom of speech continues to be routinely denied, democracy appears like an increasingly distant idea. And many fear that the death of King Bhumibol Adulyadej may unleash even greater instability. Due to Thailand’s draconian lese majesté law, which prohibits anyone from questioning the royal family, no one has been willing to offer a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the country—until now. Going against the law, Andrew MacGregor Marshall is one of the only journalists covering contemporary Thailand to tell the whole story. In Kingdom in Crisis he provides thorough background on Thailand today, revealing the unacknowledged succession conflict that has become entangled with the struggle for democracy in Thailand   “An explosive analysis that lays bare what the Thai elite have tried to keep hidden for decades. A clear-eyed view of what is really at stake in Thailand’s continuing turmoil.”—David Streckfuss, author of Truth on Trial in Thailand: Defamation, Treason, and Lèse-Majesté   “A timely and highly readable account of the grim political reality of the Land of Smiles. An essential primer for every visitor.” —Joe Studwell, author of How Asia Works A fascinating, if disturbing, window onto the origins of racism.--Publishers WeeklyThe eighteenth-century essays published for the first time in Who\'s Black and Why? contain a world of ideas--theories, inventions, and fantasies--about what blackness is, and what it means. To read them is to witness European intellectuals, in the age of the Atlantic slave trade, struggling, one after another, to justify atrocity.--Jill Lepore, author of These Truths: A History of the United StatesThe first translation and publication of sixteen submissions to the notorious eighteenth-century Bordeaux essay contest on the cause of black skin--an indispensable chronicle of the rise of scientifically based, anti-Black racism.In 1739 Bordeaux\'s Royal Academy of Sciences announced a contest for the best essay on the sources of blackness. What is the physical cause of blackness and African hair, and what is the cause of Black degeneration, the contest announcement asked. Sixteen essays, written in French and Latin, were ultimately dispatched from all over Europe. The authors ranged from naturalists to physicians, theologians to amateur savants. Documented on each page are European ideas about who is Black and why.Looming behind these essays is the fact that some four million Africans had been kidnapped and shipped across the Atlantic by the time the contest was announced. The essays themselves represent a broad range of opinions. Some affirm that Africans had fallen from God\'s grace others that blackness had resulted from a brutal climate still others emphasized the anatomical specificity of Africans. All the submissions nonetheless circulate around a common theme: the search for a scientific understanding of the new concept of race. More important, they provide an indispensable record of the Enlightenment-era thinking that normalized the sale and enslavement of Black human beings.These never previously published documents survived the centuries tucked away in Bordeaux\'s municipal library. Translated into English and accompanied by a detailed introduction and headnotes written by Henry Louis Gates, Jr., and Andrew Curran, each essay included in this volume lays bare the origins of anti-Black racism and colorism in the West. In the West, a specific ideal for female genitalia has emerged: one of absence, a clean slit, attained through the removal of pubic hair and, increasingly, through female genital cosmetic surgery known as FGCS.In The Perfect Vagina: Cosmetic Surgery in the Twenty-First Century, Lindy McDougall provides an ethnographic account of women who choose FGCS in Australia and the physicians who perform these procedures, both in Australia and globally, while also examining the environment in which surgeons and women come together. Physicians have a vested interest in establishing this surgery as valid medical intervention, despite majority medical opinion explicitly acknowledging that a wide range of genital variation is normal. McDougall offers a nuanced picture of why and how these procedures are performed and draws parallels between FGCS and anthropological discussions of female genital circumcision (cutting). Using the neologism biomagical, she argues that cosmetic surgery functions as both ritual and sacrifice due to its promise of transformation while simultaneously submitting the body to the risks and pain of surgery, thus exposing biomedicine as an increasingly cultural and commercial pursuit.The Perfect Vagina highlights the complexities involved with FGCS, its role in Western beauty culture, and the creation and control of body image in countries where self-care is valorized and medicine is increasingly harnessed for enhancement as well as health. A decade after the Human Genome Project proved that human beings are not naturally divided by race, the emerging fields of personalized medicine, reproductive technologies, genetic genealogy, and DNA databanks are attempting to resuscitate race as a biological category written in our genes. In this provocative analysis, leading legal scholar and social critic Dorothy Roberts argues that America is once again at the brink of a virulent outbreak of classifying population by race. By searching for differences at the molecular level, a new race-based science is obscuring racism in our society and legitimizing state brutality against communities of color at a time when America claims to be post-racial.Moving from an account of the evolution of race—proving that it has always been a mutable and socially defined political division supported by mainstream science—Roberts delves deep into the current debates, interrogating the newest science and biotechnology, interviewing its researchers, and exposing the political consequences obscured by the focus on genetic difference. Fatal Invention is a provocative call for us to affirm our common humanity. Trans Kids is a trenchant ethnographic and interview-based study of the first generation of families affirming and facilitating gender nonconformity in children. Earlier generations of parents sent such children for psychiatric treatment aimed at a cure, but today, many parents agree to call their children new names, allow them to wear whatever clothing they choose, and approach the state to alter the gender designation on their passports and birth certificates. Drawing from sociology, philosophy, psychology, and sexuality studies, sociologist Tey Meadow depicts the intricate social processes that shape gender acquisition. Where once atypical gender expression was considered a failure of gender, now it is a form of gender. Engaging and rigorously argued, Trans Kids underscores the centrality of ever more particular configurations of gender in both our physical and psychological lives, and the increasing embeddedness of personal identities in social institutions. When Roya, an Iranian American high school student, is asked to identify her race, she feels anxiety and doubt. According to the federal government, she and others from the Middle East are white. Indeed, a historical myth circulates even in immigrant families like Roya\'s, proclaiming Iranians to be the original white race. But based on the treatment Roya and her family receive in American schools, airports, workplaces, and neighborhoods-interactions characterized by intolerance or hate-Roya is increasingly certain that she is not white. In The Limits of Whiteness, Neda Maghbouleh offers a groundbreaking, timely look at how Iranians and other Middle Eastern Americans move across the color line.By shadowing Roya and more than 80 other young people, Maghbouleh documents Iranian Americans\' shifting racial status. Drawing on never-before-analyzed historical and legal evidence, she captures the unique experience of an immigrant group trapped between legal racial invisibility and everyday racial hyper-visibility. Her findings are essential for understanding the unprecedented challenge Middle Easterners now face under extreme vetting and potential reclassification out of the white box. Maghbouleh tells for the first time the compelling, often heartbreaking story of how a white American immigrant group can become brown and what such a transformation says about race in America. The first large passenger jet designed completely by computer, the 777 is more complex and innovative than any other airliner ever built. Sabbagh has been granted virtually unlimited access to the creation of the 777, resulting in a great business story and a clear explanation of the scientific and engineering principles behind jet flight. Published in conjunction with a PBS series airing in January. 16-page photo insert. Illustrations. Spring . 2015: . Kristin.Asdal@tik.uio.No. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN POLITICS AND SOCIETY. Three TEMATIC THEMES. 1. The . Climate. . Society. : Knowledge, . P. olitics and . P. ractices. . of. . Transformation.