What can happen when one society imposes its values on another Three Worlds Collide Native Americans Europeans and West Africans 3 worlds collide Native Americans The first Americans likely arrived as early as 22000 years ago Bering Sea land bridge during the Ice Age ID: 932673
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Slide1
What happens when very different societies collide?What can happen when one society imposes its values on another?
Three Worlds Collide……
Native Americans, Europeans, and West Africans
Slide23 worlds collide
Slide3Native Americans
The first Americans likely arrived as early as 22,000 years ago - Bering Sea land bridge during the Ice Age.
Most of these early inhabitants
Came by foot
Were hunter/gatherers
Diffused across N., S., and central America
Slide4Agriculture Develops
Between 10,000-5,000 years ago an AG revolution took place in central MX
Domestication – corn/maize
Tremendous change
Sedentary societies
Economic specializationLarger organizational units
Building of complex material culture
Slide5Native American Societies – Diverse and Complex
Great empires of Central and South America
Olmec – southern MX beside Gulf of MX - 1200 BC
Maya – Guatemala and Yucatan – 250-900 AD
Aztec – central MX – 1200-1500
Inca – Peru – 1200 AD
These empires rivaled those of ancient
cultures in other parts of the world.
Included – great cities, palaces, temples,
pyramids, plazas
Slide6N. American Native Societies - 1492
Environmental
Determinism
– varied geographic landscapes of N. America encouraged vast
diversity
of Native American cultures
Environmental Determinism
– varied geographic landscapes of N. America encouraged vast
diversity
of Native American cultures
Slide7Northwest Natives
Avid
traders
Acquisition of material goods resulted in higher
status
Gift-giving ceremonies called
potlatches
marked public displays of wealth
Abundance of fish and mild climate made many tribes relatively
prosperous
Carved elaborate and intricate
totem
poles (represented ancestral heritage
)
Slide8Southwest Natives
Pueblo and Hopi
Arid
conditions made life tougher – developed irrigation systems
Tribes such as the Apache were
foragers
– scrounging for everything from bison to grasshoppers
Living in villages and lived off the land as hunters and gatherers
Adobe houses
Slide9Great Plains Natives
Cheyenne, Sioux (Dakota), Crow, Comanche, Blackfoot
Game, especially
bison
, was plentiful
Few hunted because of no horses
until the mid 1500s
Tribes stalked, ambushes, and occasionally stampeded a herd of bison over a cliff
Semi-
nomadic – packed up their teepees and moved on when the local food got scarce
Slide10Northeast Natives
Two large groups:
Iroquois and Algonquin
Fought
a lot
Tools and weapons made of
copper
and slate
Heavily wooded areas - invented
a canoe made out of birch bark
Around 1450 five tribes formed the
Iroquois
League
Purpose: form an alliance against the Algonquin and settle
disputes
amongst
themselves
Slide11Southeast Natives
A mix of hunting, gathering, and farming
Developed codes of
law
and judicial systems
Readily adopted European customs of running
plantations
, slaveholding, and raising cattle
Intermarried with Europeans
Referred to as the Five Civilized Tribes by the Europeans (Cherokees, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Creeks, & the Seminoles)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6E9WU9TGrec&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s&index=1
Slide12Commonalities among Native Americans
1.) Elaborate trade networks
2.) Respect for land – sacred, not to be owned or sold as private property
3.) Religion – natural world filled with spirits (
animism
). Revere and respect past generations – their spirits guide the living4.) Bonds of
kinship –
strong ties among family. Family = basic unit of organization
5.) Division of labor – based on gender, age, and status
Slide13View of land…..
“When we dig roots we make little holes. When we build houses we make little holes….we shake down acorns and
pinenuts
. We don’t chop down the trees. We use only dead wood for fires….But the white people plow up the ground, pull down the trees, …..and the tree says, ‘Don’t. I am sore. Don’t hurt me.’”
Slide14Slide15West African Societies
In the late 1400s W Africa had thriving trade, diverse cultures, and well ordered states
Songhai Empire
– gained power and wealth in mid 1400s – spans the dry Savanna grasslands
Controlled trans-Sahara trade – rulers got rich taxing goods that passed
through their realm
Songhai Empire does
Not stretch South into
Forest kingdoms –
Ibo, Oyo, Edo peoples
Slide16West African Culture
Strong kinship ties. Within family age = rank
Religion – animism – nature filled with spirits and see spiritual forces in both living and non-living objects
Worship variety of ancestral spirits and lesser gods but most believe in single creator
Collective land ownership in villages
Slavery – existed but NOT an inherited status one is born into based on race. Also usually not for life.
Compare and Contrast – W. African slavery with the slave system that will develop in the Americas??
Slide17Slide18European Culture
Nuclear family more important than extended
Social hierarchy – monarchs, nobles, merchants, peasants – little to no mobility
Division of labor based on gender and social class
Religion – Christian nations
Reformation in 1500s
Catholic – Protestant divide
Many European nations will look to
spread their religion on the backs of
their coloniesMany early colonists pushed out by relig persecution
Luther and his 95 Theses
Slide19EUROPEAN EXPLORATION
The countries of
Portugal, Spain, France and England
explored in the late 1400s for
God, Gold, and Glory
Improved mapmaking, better sailboats, compasses, astrolabes – all led to better exploration
Slide20European Claims in the New World
Slide21Portugal takes the lead!
Prince Henry the Navigator –
established an up to date sailing school, developed and employed early technological innovations, and sponsored the earliest voyages
For 40 years
Portugese
camptains
sail further and further south along the W. coast of Africa
1488
Bartholomeu Dias first to round S. tip of Africa
Slide22Portugal arrives in India – da Gama
Vasco da Gama
– first
Portugese
explorer to reach India. (1497/98)
Enables Portugal to expedite trade with Asia and cut their costs
Slide23Columbus Goes West
Christopher Columbus
convinced
Spain
that he would find a route to Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic
Aug 3, 1492 Columbus leaves Spain in Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria
No soldiers, priests or ambassadors – just sailors
Oct 12, 1492 – Columbus comes ashore -
Hispanola
Slide24Columbus Returns to Build an Empire
What activities preoccupied Columbus as he explored the America’s?
“I have been very attentive and have tried very hard to find out if there is any gold here.”
“It is my wish to bypass no island without taking possession.”
“In every place I have entered, islands and lands, I have always planted a cross.” “Your Highness will order a city …..built in these regions for these countries will be easily converted.”
“these people are so simple in deeds of arms…if your Highness order either to bring all of them to Castile or to hold them as
captivos
(slaves) on their own island it could easily be done, because with about 50 men you could subjugate them all, making them do whatever you want.”
Slide25Columbian Exchange
Slide26The Columbian Biological Exchange
Old World to New World:
New World to Old World:
Animals:
Horses
Cattle
Pigs
Sheep
Goats
Chickens
Turkeys
Llamas
Alpacas
Guinea Pigs
Slide27The Columbian Biological Exchange
Old World to New World:
New World to Old World:
Diseases:
Smallpox
Measles
Chicken Pox
Malaria
Yellow Fever
Influenza
The Common Cold
Syphilis
Slide28The Columbian Biological Exchange
Old World to New World:
New World to Old World:
Plants:
Rice
Wheat
Barley
Oats
Coffee
Sugarcane
Bananas
Melons
Olives
Dandelions
Daisies
Clover
Ragweed
Kentucky Bluegrass
Corn (Maize)
Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties)
Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima Varieties)
Tobacco
Peanuts
Squash
Peppers
Tomatoes
Pumpkins
Pineapples
Cacao (Source of Chocolate)
Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum)
Papayas
Manioc (Tapioca)
Guavas
Avocados
Slide29European Disease
European diseases decimated Native populations
Death tolls reached 80-90% in the first couple generations
New diseases with no immunity - Small pox, typhus, cholera, measles
Slide30Columbian Exchange
What surprises you? Why?
Examples of
syncretism?
Impacts….?
Slide31Achievement, heroism, exploration, destiny
Cruelty, genocide, slavery
Columbus’ Legacy? One of……