Helminthes are the animals belonging to phyla Platyhelminthes and Nemathelminthes Soft bodied dorso ventrally flattened and bilaterally symmetrical Classes Trematoda Cestoda ID: 932856
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Slide1
Parasitic Helminths And their Control
Helminthes are the animals belonging to phyla Platyhelminthes and
Nemathelminthes
.
Soft bodied,
dorso
-ventrally flattened and bilaterally symmetrical
.
Classes
Trematoda
Cestoda
Nematoda
Slide2TrematodaLeaf like animals, both
ecto
and
endoparasite
.
Suckers or hooks for attachment.
Branched alimentary canal
Includes flukes parasite on man and other animals.
Slide3Fasciolopsis buski (flatworm)
Large intestinal fluke of man, dog, and pigs, quite common in
india
and china.
20-70 mm in length and 8-20 mm breadth.
Ventral sucker is larger and close to anterior sucker.
Pharynx is small,
oesophagus
short and
caeca
long and non-
diverticulate
.
Gonads occupy posterior region of body.
Disease
: Adult worms cause erosion of the lining of the digestive tract, resulting in the bleeding and pain in the intestine.
It may lead to vomiting and
diarrhoea
.
Slide4Prevention and control:
Antihelminthic
drugs
viz
,
Hexylresorcinol and crystalloids should be used for treatment.
Slide5Opisthorcis sinensis (
Chinese
liver
fluke)
Important parasite in the bile duct of man in oriental region.
Bile duct of man, cat, dogs
First intermediate host is snail and second is fish.
10-25 mm in length and 2-4 mm in width
Slide6Diseases: when the no. of adult flukes increases in the bile duct wall thickens causing cirrhosis.
In chronic infection of fluke, death of persons have been observed.
Prevention and Control:
Fresh water fishes should be cooked properly before eating.
Chloroquine
and gentian violet are used to cure the infections.
Slide7Schistosoma Sp.
It inhabits the blood vessels of large intestine of man.
The infection of blood fluke causes
schistosomiasis
in human beings.
Snail host is intermediate in life cycle completion.
Sexes are separate and sexual dimorphism is pronounced.
Diseases:
in heavy infection cardio-pulmonary
schistosomiasis
, fibrosis, and loss of function in intestine, spleen, prostate and in urinary bladder have been found.
Prevention and control:
Infection can be controlled by sanitary disposal of human
faeces
and urine. Antimony compounds are used for treatment.
Slide8Taenia solium
Known as
Pork Tapeworm
and found in small intestine of man.
Body is elongated, flattened, ribbon like and differentiated into
scolex
, neck and
strobila
.
Alimentary canal is absent. Life cycle involves primary and intermediate host.
Each
proglottid
is hermaphrodite.
Disease:
Infection is followed by abdominal pain, nausea,
anaemia
, indigestion,
diarrhoea
and eosinophilia etc.
Prevention and control :
The
T
aeniasis
can be controlled by the use of
quinacrine
hydrochloride and
atabrin
. Prevention needs properly cooked pork.
Slide9Taenia saginata
It is the most common of large human tapeworm.
Prevalent in beef eaters.
Commonly called as the
beef tapeworm
because larva usually occur in flesh of cattle.
Adult worm lies attached in the mucosa of the intestine of man.
It is much larger the
Taenia
solium
and may attain a length of 4 to 12m ( even 25m) , longer than the intestine in which it lives.
Rostellum
and hooks are lacking.
It may consist of up to 2,000
proglottids
, producing from 8 to 10
proglottids
daily.
Slide10Intermediate host are cattle and buffaloes.
Disease:
The infection causes a no. of disorders and diseases as in case of
T.
solium
. The
vegetarians have no chance of infection by the beef tapeworm.
Prevention and control:
Beef should be taken as food after thorough cooking.
The drugs like
atabrin
and
quinacrine
hydrochloride are recommended for the control after infection.
Slide11NematodesCommonly known as
roundworms.
Include worms parasitic on animals as well as the plants.
Found in every ecological condition.
Inhabit in fresh water, salt water animal and plant tissues.
Slide12Ascaris lumbricoides
It is commonly known as ‘
Round worm
’ and inhabits the small intestine of man and is more common in children.
Animal show sexual dimorphism.
Disease :
a
lumbricoides
causes
ascariasis
which is more common in children than in adult persons. In the intestine of man these worms take the digested food materials.
Prevention and control
: before eating, green vegetables should be thoroughly washed and cooked properly.
It can be treated by administering
antihelmithic
drugs such as oil of
Chenopodium
,
Alcopar
,
Bendex
and
Zentel
etc