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Parasitic  Helminths  And their Control Parasitic  Helminths  And their Control

Parasitic Helminths And their Control - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2022-08-02

Parasitic Helminths And their Control - PPT Presentation

Helminthes are the animals belonging to phyla Platyhelminthes and Nemathelminthes Soft bodied dorso ventrally flattened and bilaterally symmetrical Classes Trematoda Cestoda ID: 932856

control man intestine infection man control infection intestine prevention beef fluke disease adult tapeworm host common animals intermediate taenia

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Slide1

Parasitic Helminths And their Control

Helminthes are the animals belonging to phyla Platyhelminthes and

Nemathelminthes

.

Soft bodied,

dorso

-ventrally flattened and bilaterally symmetrical

.

Classes

Trematoda

Cestoda

Nematoda

Slide2

TrematodaLeaf like animals, both

ecto

and

endoparasite

.

Suckers or hooks for attachment.

Branched alimentary canal

Includes flukes parasite on man and other animals.

Slide3

Fasciolopsis buski (flatworm)

Large intestinal fluke of man, dog, and pigs, quite common in

india

and china.

20-70 mm in length and 8-20 mm breadth.

Ventral sucker is larger and close to anterior sucker.

Pharynx is small,

oesophagus

short and

caeca

long and non-

diverticulate

.

Gonads occupy posterior region of body.

Disease

: Adult worms cause erosion of the lining of the digestive tract, resulting in the bleeding and pain in the intestine.

It may lead to vomiting and

diarrhoea

.

Slide4

Prevention and control:

Antihelminthic

drugs

viz

,

Hexylresorcinol and crystalloids should be used for treatment.

Slide5

Opisthorcis sinensis (

Chinese

liver

fluke)

Important parasite in the bile duct of man in oriental region.

Bile duct of man, cat, dogs

First intermediate host is snail and second is fish.

10-25 mm in length and 2-4 mm in width

Slide6

Diseases: when the no. of adult flukes increases in the bile duct wall thickens causing cirrhosis.

In chronic infection of fluke, death of persons have been observed.

Prevention and Control:

Fresh water fishes should be cooked properly before eating.

Chloroquine

and gentian violet are used to cure the infections.

Slide7

Schistosoma Sp.

It inhabits the blood vessels of large intestine of man.

The infection of blood fluke causes

schistosomiasis

in human beings.

Snail host is intermediate in life cycle completion.

Sexes are separate and sexual dimorphism is pronounced.

Diseases:

in heavy infection cardio-pulmonary

schistosomiasis

, fibrosis, and loss of function in intestine, spleen, prostate and in urinary bladder have been found.

Prevention and control:

Infection can be controlled by sanitary disposal of human

faeces

and urine. Antimony compounds are used for treatment.

Slide8

Taenia solium

Known as

Pork Tapeworm

and found in small intestine of man.

Body is elongated, flattened, ribbon like and differentiated into

scolex

, neck and

strobila

.

Alimentary canal is absent. Life cycle involves primary and intermediate host.

Each

proglottid

is hermaphrodite.

Disease:

Infection is followed by abdominal pain, nausea,

anaemia

, indigestion,

diarrhoea

and eosinophilia etc.

Prevention and control :

The

T

aeniasis

can be controlled by the use of

quinacrine

hydrochloride and

atabrin

. Prevention needs properly cooked pork.

Slide9

Taenia saginata

It is the most common of large human tapeworm.

Prevalent in beef eaters.

Commonly called as the

beef tapeworm

because larva usually occur in flesh of cattle.

Adult worm lies attached in the mucosa of the intestine of man.

It is much larger the

Taenia

solium

and may attain a length of 4 to 12m ( even 25m) , longer than the intestine in which it lives.

Rostellum

and hooks are lacking.

It may consist of up to 2,000

proglottids

, producing from 8 to 10

proglottids

daily.

Slide10

Intermediate host are cattle and buffaloes.

Disease:

The infection causes a no. of disorders and diseases as in case of

T.

solium

. The

vegetarians have no chance of infection by the beef tapeworm.

Prevention and control:

Beef should be taken as food after thorough cooking.

The drugs like

atabrin

and

quinacrine

hydrochloride are recommended for the control after infection.

Slide11

NematodesCommonly known as

roundworms.

Include worms parasitic on animals as well as the plants.

Found in every ecological condition.

Inhabit in fresh water, salt water animal and plant tissues.

Slide12

Ascaris lumbricoides

It is commonly known as ‘

Round worm

’ and inhabits the small intestine of man and is more common in children.

Animal show sexual dimorphism.

Disease :

a

lumbricoides

causes

ascariasis

which is more common in children than in adult persons. In the intestine of man these worms take the digested food materials.

Prevention and control

: before eating, green vegetables should be thoroughly washed and cooked properly.

It can be treated by administering

antihelmithic

drugs such as oil of

Chenopodium

,

Alcopar

,

Bendex

and

Zentel

etc