PDF-(BOOK)-Extraterrestrials (The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series)

Are we alone in the universe If not where is everybody An engaging exploration of one of the most important unsolved problems in scienceEverything we know about how planets form and how life arises suggests that human civilization on Earth should not be unique We ought to see abundant evidence of extraterrestrial activitybut we dont Where is everybody In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series science and technology writer Wade Roush examines one of the great unsolved problems in science is there life intelligent or otherwise on other planetsThis paradox theyre bound to be out there but where are they first formulated by the famed physicist Enrico Fermi has fueled decades of debate speculation and lately some actual science Roush lays out the problem in its historical and modernday context and summarizes the latest thinking among astronomers and astrobiologists He describes the long history of speculation about aliens weve been debating the idea for thousands of years the emergence of SETI the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence as a scientific discipline in the 1960s and scientists use of radio and optical techniques to scan for signals and developments in astrobiology the study of how life might arise in nonEarth like environments and exoplanet research the discovery of planets outside our solar system Finally he discusses possible solutions to the Fermi Paradox and suggests way to refocus SETI work that might increase the chances of resolving the paradoxand finding extraterrestrials. edu Abstract We consider the sparse Fourier transform problem given a complex vector of length and a parameter estimate the largest in magnitude coe64259cients of the Fourier transform of The problem is of key interest in several areas including s Essential Oil Market report published by Value Market Research provides a detailed market analysis comprising of market size, share, value, growth and trends for the period 2018-2025. There\'s a reason the words fresh and cool come to mind when thinking of peppermint. Peppermint comes from the blending of watermint and spearmint, and has a very strong, minty flavour and scent that is exquisitely refreshing. It tastes delicious, which is why it is commonly paired with chocolate and other desserts or candies, but you’ll also find peppermint in all sorts of cosmetics, including soaps, shampoos, face scrubs, toothpastes and mouthwash. Finding the right hair care products can be tricky. How do you know that this bottle, this brand, will keep all the promises it made on its label? Well, there is one way to find out: check the ingredients. If you don’t have much experience understanding them, you are not alone. Ultimately, there is only one kind of hair care products that matter: all-natural. Fifty years ago, neuroscientists thought that a mature brain was fixed like a fly in amber, unable to change. Today, we know that our brains and nervous systems change throughout our lifetimes. This concept of neuroplasticity has captured the imagination of a public eager for self-improvement--and has inspired countless Internet entrepreneurs who peddle dubious brain training games and apps. In this book, Moheb Costandi offers a concise and engaging overview of neuroplasticity for the general reader, describing how our brains change continuously in response to our actions and experiences.Costandi discusses key experimental findings, and describes how our thinking about the brain has evolved over time. He explains how the brain changes during development, and the synaptic pruning that takes place before brain maturity. He shows that adult brains can grow new cells (citing, among many other studies, research showing that sexually mature male canaries learn a new song every year). He describes the kind of brain training that can bring about improvement in brain function. It\'s not gadgets and games that promise to rewire your brain but such sustained cognitive tasks as learning a musical instrument or a new language. (Costandi also notes that London cabbies increase their gray matter after rigorous training in their city\'s complicated streets.) He tells how brains compensate after stroke or injury describes addiction and pain as maladaptive forms of neuroplasticity and considers brain changes that accompany childhood, adolescence, parenthood, and aging. Each of our brains is custom-built. Neuroplasticity is at the heart of what makes us human. A concise illustrated introduction to the history and physics of supernovae, the brilliant explosions of stars with striking color illustrations. Supernovae are the explosions of stars. They are some of the most energetic phenomena in the Universe, rivaling the combined light of billions of stars. Supernovae have been studied for centuries, and they have also made appearances in popular culture: a glimpse of a supernova in a painting provides Sherlock Holmes with a crucial clue, for example. In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, astrophysicist Or Graur offers a concise and accessible introduction to these awe-inspiring astronomical phenomena.Graur explains that a deep observational understanding of supernovae--why and how they shine and how their brightness changes over time--allows us to use them as tools for experiments in astrophysics and physics. A certain type of supernova, for example, brightens and fades in such a predictable manner that we can measure the distances to their host galaxies. We owe our existence to supernovae--they give us iron for our blood and calcium for our bones. But supernovae may also have caused a mass extinction event on Earth 2.6 million years ago.Graur shows how observations of supernovae played a role in the transformation of astronomy from astrology to astrophysics surveys the tools used to study supernovae today and describes the lives and deaths of stars and the supernova remnants, neutron stars, and black holes they leave behind. Illustrations in both color and black and white, many from Graur\'s own Hubble Space Telescope data, make this account of supernovae particularly vivid. A concise overview of machine learning--computer programs that learn from data--the basis of such applications as voice recognition and driverless cars.Today, machine learning underlies a range of applications we use every day, from product recommendations to voice recognition--as well as some we don\'t yet use everyday, including driverless cars. It is the basis for a new approach to artificial intelligence that aims to program computers to use example data or past experience to solve a given problem. In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Ethem Alpaydin offers a concise and accessible overview of the new AI. This expanded edition offers new material on such challenges facing machine learning as privacy, security, accountability, and bias.Alpaydin, author of a popular textbook on machine learning, explains that as Big Data has gotten bigger, the theory of machine learning--the foundation of efforts to process that data into knowledge--has also advanced. He describes the evolution of the field, explains important learning algorithms, and presents example applications. He discusses the use of machine learning algorithms for pattern recognition artificial neural networks inspired by the human brain algorithms that learn associations between instances and reinforcement learning, when an autonomous agent learns to take actions to maximize reward. In a new chapter, he considers transparency, explainability, and fairness, and the ethical and legal implications of making decisions based on data. The history of computing could be told as the story of hardware and software, or the story of the Internet, or the story of smart hand-held devices, with subplots involving IBM, Microsoft, Apple, Facebook, and Twitter. In this concise and accessible account of the invention and development of digital technology, computer historian Paul Ceruzzi offers a broader and more useful perspective. He identifies four major threads that run throughout all of computing\'s technological development: digitization--the coding of information, computation, and control in binary form, ones and zeros the convergence of multiple streams of techniques, devices, and machines, yielding more than the sum of their parts the steady advance of electronic technology, as characterized famously by Moore\'s Law and the human-machine interface. Ceruzzi guides us through computing history, telling how a Bell Labs mathematician coined the word digital in 1942 (to describe a high-speed method of calculating used in anti-aircraft devices), and recounting the development of the punch card (for use in the 1890 U.S. Census). He describes the ENIAC, built for scientific and military applications the UNIVAC, the first general purpose computer and ARPANET, the Internet\'s precursor. Ceruzzi\'s account traces the world-changing evolution of the computer from a room-size ensemble of machinery to a minicomputer to a desktop computer to a pocket-sized smart phone. He describes the development of the silicon chip, which could store ever-increasing amounts of data and enabled ever-decreasing device size. He visits that hotbed of innovation, Silicon Valley, and brings the story up to the present with the Internet, the World Wide Web, and social networking. A concise overview of machine learning--computer programs that learn from data--the basis of such applications as voice recognition and driverless cars.Today, machine learning underlies a range of applications we use every day, from product recommendations to voice recognition--as well as some we don\'t yet use everyday, including driverless cars. It is the basis for a new approach to artificial intelligence that aims to program computers to use example data or past experience to solve a given problem. In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Ethem Alpaydin offers a concise and accessible overview of the new AI. This expanded edition offers new material on such challenges facing machine learning as privacy, security, accountability, and bias.Alpaydin, author of a popular textbook on machine learning, explains that as Big Data has gotten bigger, the theory of machine learning--the foundation of efforts to process that data into knowledge--has also advanced. He describes the evolution of the field, explains important learning algorithms, and presents example applications. He discusses the use of machine learning algorithms for pattern recognition artificial neural networks inspired by the human brain algorithms that learn associations between instances and reinforcement learning, when an autonomous agent learns to take actions to maximize reward. In a new chapter, he considers transparency, explainability, and fairness, and the ethical and legal implications of making decisions based on data. The history of computing could be told as the story of hardware and software, or the story of the Internet, or the story of smart hand-held devices, with subplots involving IBM, Microsoft, Apple, Facebook, and Twitter. In this concise and accessible account of the invention and development of digital technology, computer historian Paul Ceruzzi offers a broader and more useful perspective. He identifies four major threads that run throughout all of computing\'s technological development: digitization--the coding of information, computation, and control in binary form, ones and zeros the convergence of multiple streams of techniques, devices, and machines, yielding more than the sum of their parts the steady advance of electronic technology, as characterized famously by Moore\'s Law and the human-machine interface. Ceruzzi guides us through computing history, telling how a Bell Labs mathematician coined the word digital in 1942 (to describe a high-speed method of calculating used in anti-aircraft devices), and recounting the development of the punch card (for use in the 1890 U.S. Census). He describes the ENIAC, built for scientific and military applications the UNIVAC, the first general purpose computer and ARPANET, the Internet\'s precursor. Ceruzzi\'s account traces the world-changing evolution of the computer from a room-size ensemble of machinery to a minicomputer to a desktop computer to a pocket-sized smart phone. He describes the development of the silicon chip, which could store ever-increasing amounts of data and enabled ever-decreasing device size. He visits that hotbed of innovation, Silicon Valley, and brings the story up to the present with the Internet, the World Wide Web, and social networking. It’s no secret that this world we live in can be pretty stressful sometimes. If you find yourself feeling out-of-sorts, pick up a book.According to a recent study, reading can significantly reduce stress levels. In as little as six minutes, you can reduce your stress levels by 68%. The Desired Brand Effect Stand Out in a Saturated Market with a Timeless Brand The Benefits of Reading Books,Most people read to read and the benefits of reading are surplus. But what are the benefits of reading. Keep reading to find out how reading will help you and may even add years to your life!.The Benefits of Reading Books,What are the benefits of reading you ask? Down below we have listed some of the most common benefits and ones that you will definitely enjoy along with the new adventures provided by the novel you choose to read.,Exercise the Brain by Reading .When you read, your brain gets a workout. You have to remember the various characters, settings, plots and retain that information throughout the book. Your brain is doing a lot of work and you don’t even realize it. Which makes it the perfect exercise! The Benefits of Reading Books,Most people read to read and the benefits of reading are surplus. But what are the benefits of reading. Keep reading to find out how reading will help you and may even add years to your life!.The Benefits of Reading Books,What are the benefits of reading you ask? Down below we have listed some of the most common benefits and ones that you will definitely enjoy along with the new adventures provided by the novel you choose to read.,Exercise the Brain by Reading .When you read, your brain gets a workout. You have to remember the various characters, settings, plots and retain that information throughout the book. Your brain is doing a lot of work and you don’t even realize it. Which makes it the perfect exercise!