Clinical Phenotypes Cutaneous Leishamaniasis Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis Visceral Leishmaniasis Post Kalaazar dermal leishmaniasis Phenotypes o f the Leishmaniases VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS ID: 929627
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Slide1
The Leishmaniases
Slide2Leishmaniases Clinical Phenotypes
Cutaneous
Leishamaniasis
Mucocutaneous
Leishmaniasis
Visceral
Leishmaniasis
Post Kala-azar dermal
leishmaniasis
Slide3Phenotypes
o
f the
Leishmaniases
VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS
(Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Nepal and Sudan)
CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS
(
Afghanistan, Brazil, Iran, Peru, Saudi Arabia and Syria)
DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS
MUCO CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS
(
Bolivia, Brazil and Peru.
Post kala azar dermal
leishmaniasis
(Prevalent in Sudan and India, ?Europe/HIV)
Slide4The leishmaniasis is endemic in 88 countries on five continents—Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America.
350 million people at risk.
12 million people are affected by leishmaniasis
1.5-2 million new cases of leishmaniasis estimated to occur annually.
500 000 new cases of VL which occur annually
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
Slide5SUDAN
Gedarif
State
Blue Nile State
White Nile State
West
Darfour
Southern
Korddofan
Slide6CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS
skin ulcers on the exposed parts of the body, such as the face, arms and legs
Slide7MUCOCUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS
OR
ESPUNDIA
Mucous
membranes of the nose
Mouth Throat cavities
Slide8Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Cutaneous
Leishmaniasis
Muco
-cutaneous
Slide9Slide10Slide11PROMASTIGOTES
AMASTIGOTES
Slide12Visceral Leishmaniasis
Visceral
Leishmaniasis
Slide13kala
azar, black fever,
sandfly
disease, Dum-Dum
fever
OTHER NAMES
(
SYNONYMS)
Slide14Slide15Visceral leishmaniasis
Irregular
bouts of fever
Substantial
weight loss
Swelling of the spleen, Lymph nodes and liver Anaemia or Pancytopenia
Slide16Anthroponotic
LIFE
CYCLE
Slide171.
Leishmaniasis
is transmitted by the bite of female
phlebotomine
sandflies.
2. Promastigotes that reach the puncture wound are phagocytized by macrophages.
3.They transform into amastigotes.4. Amastigotes multiply in infected cells and affect different tissues.
5. Sandflies become infected during blood meals on an infected host when they ingest macrophages infected with amastigotes.
6. In the
sandfly's
midgut, the parasites differentiate into promastigotes.
7. They multiply and migrate to the proboscis.
Slide18Diagnosis Of The
Leishmaniases
L.D BODIES (SPLEEN, BONE MARROW, LYMPH NODE
) Aspirates
DAT, rK39, rK28
ELISA
Polymerize chain reaction (PCR)
Leishmanin
Skin Test [LST]
Slide19TREATMENT
SODIUM
ANTIMONY STIBO
GLUCONATE/
Paromomycin
Liposomal AMPHOTERICIN-B
Miltefosine
(
Impavido
®)
(
approval by the Indian and German Regulatory Authorities (2003)
Slide20Leishmaniasis
Control
Case Detection and Treatment
Vector Control
Bed Nets
Vaccines!!
Slide21Vaccines for Leishamaniasis
Phase I/II/III Trials with a first-
generation vaccine (killed
Leishmania
organism BCG (adjuvant) have yielded promising results
Alum/ALM +BCG very promising!
Second/Third Generation Vaccines!!!