PDF-[BOOK]-Music and Technology in the Twentieth Century

Technology has always been inseparable from the development of music But in the twentieth century a rapid acceleration took place a new machine music came into existence electronic musical instruments appeared and composers sometimes seemed more like sound technicians than musicians In this book HansJoachim Braun and his coauthors offer a wideranging and fascinating look at the relationship of technology and modern music Topics range from the role of Yamaha in Japans musical development to the social construction of the synthesizer from the player piano as precursor of computer music to the musical role of airplanes and locomotives from the growth of one independent recording studio from Polka to Punk to the origins of the 45RPM record Other chapters consider violin vibrato and the phonograph Jimi Hendrix and the aesthetic challenge of soundsampling The book concludes with a look at the current situation and perspectives for its future in electronic musicContributors Barbara Barthelmes Karin Bijsterveld HansJoachim Braun Martha Brech Hugh Davies Bernd Enders Geoffrey Hindley Jüergen Hocker Mark Katz Tatsuya Kobayashi James P Kraft Alexander B Magoun Rebecca McSwain Andre Millard Helga de la MotteHaber Trevor Pinch Susan SchmidtHorning and Frank Trocco. Impressionism and Symbolism. Turning . away from subjectivity in Romanticism and post-Romanticism. Emphasis . on sensation. Symbolism . in literature. evocation of sensual experience . use of phonemes for their sound qualities. Aspects of the Twentieth Century Literature. 1- Two World Wars : economic depression, severity of life.. 2- Questioning the traditional values of Western civilization.. 3- Traditional literary forms were rejected.. Article: “Why is the Twentieth Century the Century of Genocide?”. Author: Mark Levene. Source: Journal of World History 11, no. 2. (Fall 2000). Online Source: Bridging World History. -The article seeks to relate the specific phenomenon of genocide to broader processes that have helped create and shape modern international society. . Beau Woodbury. Wolfson College, Oxford. “The thing about the thirties was […] . we . had a kind of . Rousseauesque. belief in the perfectibility of man. . . […] . [T]. ake. . adult education. In those . English 12. Mrs. Fountain. Monday: Parts of Speech. the medieval romance with its knights . chivalry and quests influenced many of . the great movies and novels of the . twentieth century. Monday: Parts of Speech. industrialists. . There is no doubt that these industrialists were driven by one motive, and that was wealth. However, historians and others debate the title to . bestow . on these men – that of “. Questions to be addressed in this chapter. What shift occurred in twentieth century theology that was characteristic of the liberal Protestant movement?. What conservative theological developments occurred in the twentieth century?. 2ofounded the Amar Quartet named for the first violinist Licco Amar oDiscovered the the viola damore in 1922 and began to explore and perform early music oIn 1923 however after negotiating with Schott X-rays, fluoroscopy, ultrasound, CT, MRI, and PET scans--medical imaging has become a familiar part of modern health care today. A century ago, however, the idea of looking inside the living body seemed absurd. Wilhelm Roentgen\'s X-ray image of his wife\'s shadowy hand--with her wedding band floating around a white bone--convinced doctors to rush the new tool into use for diagnosis and treatment.By the 1920s, the technology was a commonplace wonder: army recruits had routinely lined up for chest X-rays during World War I, and children delighted in seeing the bones of their feet in the green glow of shoestore fluoroscopes. By the late 1960s, the computer and television were linked to produce medical images that were as startling as Roentgen\'s original X-rays. Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MR) made it possible to picture soft tissues invisible to ordinary X-rays. Ultrasound allowed expectant parents to see their unborn children. Positron emission tomography (PET) enabled neuroscientists to map the brain.In this lively history of medical imaging, the first to cover the full scope of the field from X-rays to MR-assistant surgery, Bettyann Kevles explores the consequences of these developments for medicine and society. Through lucid prose, vivid anecdotes, and more than seventy striking illustrations, she shows how medical imaging has transformed the practice of medicine--from pediatrics to dentistry, neurosurgery to geriatrics, gynecology to oncology.Despite their formidable power to reveal the inner secrets of the body, no form of medical imaging can claim to be the product of a technological imperative. As Kevles points out, few of these costly inventions made it easily to the marketplace, and all are vulnerable to the changing economics of the health-care system. In the early years of X-rays, many doctors, technicians, and patients died from overexposure to the invisible radiation. Although we may still find delayed repercussions from these newer technologies, a different kind of danger may lie in our conviction that an early diagnosis is equivalent to a cure.Beyond medicine, Kevles describes how X-rays and the newer technologies have become part of the texture of modern life and culture. They helped undermine Victorian sexual sensibilities, gave courts new forensic tools, provided plots for novels and movies, and offered artists from Picasso to Warhol new ways to depict the human form.Naked to the Bone offers readers an unparalled picture of a key technology of the twentieth century. How did use of medical technology such as urinalyses, blood tests, and x-ray machines change patient care in early-twentieth-century American hospitals? To what extent was the use of new machines influenced by the ideas of scientific medicine and to what extent by the availability of newly structured facilities and trained personnel? Drawing on the medical treatment of more than 2,000 patients in Pennsylvania and New York hospitals, Howell traces the ways in which medical technology was used, not merely how it was talked about. He utilizes a wide range of sources—including medical texts, popular literature, and the visual arts—to explore how technology came to be such a central feature of medical care.Howell also shows how changes in medical practice raised issues of gender, culture, and economics. Howell\'s analysis is especially timely in light of the ongoing debate over U.S. health care reform, a debate in which a central topic is the use and expense of medical technology. In a concluding chapter he applies the book\'s historical insights to medical practice today—asking why, for example, modern diagnostic tests have not been used to give doctors more time to spend with patients. How did use of medical technology such as urinalyses, blood tests, and x-ray machines change patient care in early-twentieth-century American hospitals? To what extent was the use of new machines influenced by the ideas of scientific medicine and to what extent by the availability of newly structured facilities and trained personnel? Drawing on the medical treatment of more than 2,000 patients in Pennsylvania and New York hospitals, Howell traces the ways in which medical technology was used, not merely how it was talked about. He utilizes a wide range of sources—including medical texts, popular literature, and the visual arts—to explore how technology came to be such a central feature of medical care.Howell also shows how changes in medical practice raised issues of gender, culture, and economics. Howell\'s analysis is especially timely in light of the ongoing debate over U.S. health care reform, a debate in which a central topic is the use and expense of medical technology. In a concluding chapter he applies the book\'s historical insights to medical practice today—asking why, for example, modern diagnostic tests have not been used to give doctors more time to spend with patients. The history of the twentieth century is most often told through its world wars, the rise and fall of communism, or its economic upheavals. In his startling new book, J. R. McNeill gives us our first general account of what may prove to be the most significant dimension of the twentieth century: its environmental history. To a degree unprecedented in human history, we have refashioned the earth\'s air, water, and soil, and the biosphere of which we are a part. Based on exhaustive research, McNeill\'s story—a compelling blend of anecdotes, data, and shrewd analysis—never preaches: it is our definitive account. This is a volume in The Global Century Series (general editor, Paul Kennedy).ContentsList of maps and tablesForeword by Paul KennedyAcknowledgmentsPreface1. Prologue: Peculiarities of a Prodigal CenturyPART ONE: THE MUSIC OF THE SPHERES2. The Litosphere and Pedosphere: The Crust of the Earth3. The Atmosphere: Urban History4. The Atmosphere: Regional and Global History5. The Hydrosphere: The History of Water Use and Water Pollution6. The Hydrosphere: Depletions, Dams, and Diversions7. The Biosphere: Eat and Be Eaten8. The Biosphere: Forests, Fish, and InvasionsPART TWO: ENGINES OF CHANGE9. More People, Bigger Cities10. Fuels, Tools, and Economics11. Ideas and Politics12. Epilogue: So What?BibliographyCreditsIndex The American Dilemma?. Imitate high-prestige European styles?. The American Dilemma?. Imitate high-prestige European styles?. Or somehow (?) try to devise/construct an “American” sound in music?. MA II SEM PAPER V. DEPTT of English. Govt College Paonta Sahib Distt Sirmour HP . Technical Revolution in PoetryThree influences. Imagism Ezra Pound( Imagism which demands . precision in imagery and freedom in rhythmic .