PDF-[DOWNLOAD]-The Social History of the Machine Gun

In this stunning account of the human impact of a single machine John Ellis argues that the history of technology and military history are part and parcel of social history in general The Social History of the Machine Gun now with a new foreword by Edward C Ezell provides an original and fascinating interpretation of weaponry warfare and society in nineteenthand twentiethcentury Europe and AmericaFrom its beginning the machine gun threatened established assumptions about the nature of war In spite of its highly effective use in the European colonization of Africa the machine gun was resisted by military elites who clung to the old certanties of the battlefieldthe glorious change and opportunities for individual heroism These values were carried into the trenches of World War I and swept away along with a generation of soldiersAfter the war machine guns became commercially availble in America and in many ways became a symbol of the times Advertisements touted the Thompson submachine gun as the ideal weapon for protecting factory and farm while tommy guns entered the cultures imagination with Machine Gun Kelly and Boonie and Clyde More significantly Ellis suggests the machine gun was the catalyst for the modern arms race It necessitated a technological response first the armored tank then the jet fighter and perhaps ultimately the hydrogen bomb. By: Rehnuma Riana & JaShaun Toppin. IED- 4th period. Mrs.Laing. Invention: Coffee Machine. The original Coffee Machine.. The original coffe maker was a container with a linen bag inside which held the coffee. You would then pour in the hot water, and let the coffee infuse into the water.. Gradating Project 1. Supervisor : Prof. Mohammed Abu . Hilal. Akram. Al . Madmouj. Zaid. . kalboneh. Mohmmed. Othman. Ehsan. . Zeer. Table of content : . History.. Discussing the problem.. Solution.. Learning. Charis Thompson. Chancellor’s Professor, UC Berkeley . Professor, . LSE. ABSTRACT and stakes. In this talk I review some of the biggest threats - for example, algorithmic oppression and triage, exacerbation of bubble chambers and inequality, and cybersecurity and autonomous weapons - and some of the biggest opportunities of the current state of machine learning, and consider the major approaches being taken to guiding machine learning for human benefit.  I then describe three initiatives we are pursuing to intervene, implement, and archive better practice. Supervisor : Prof. Mohammed Abu . Hilal. Akram. Al . Madmouj. Zaid. . kalboneh. Mohmmed. Othman. Ehsan. . Zeer. Table of content : . History.. Discussing the problem.. Solution.. Machine Parts.. History . What is Social History?. Definition (Wikipedia): The history of ordinary people. . (Merriam Webster) history that concentrates upon the social, economic, and cultural institutions of a people. . (University of London): Social history is sometimes described as the 'history of the people', or 'history from below' . Jon Crowcroft, . http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~jac22. GDPR . – . What right . to an . explanation, exactly?. Even the simplest processing of surprising data may astonish. Where are the tools for transparency?. Michael Herzfeld describes what happens when a bureaucracy charged with historic conservation clashes with a local populace hostile to the state and suspicious of tourism. Focusing on the Cretan town of Rethemnos, once a center of learning under Venetian rule and later inhabited by the Turks, he examines major questions confronting conservators and citizens as they negotiate the ownership of history: Who defines the past? To whom does the past belong? What is traditional and how is this determined? Exploring the meanings of the built environment for Rethemnos\'s inhabitants, Herzfeld finds that their interest in it has more to do with personal histories and the immediate social context than with the formal history that attracts the conservators. He also investigates the inhabitants\' social practices from the standpoints of household and kin group, political association, neighborhood, gender ideology, and the effects of these on attitudes toward home ownership. In the face of modernity, where tradition is an object of both reverence and commercialism, Rethemnos emerges as an important ethnographic window onto the ambiguous cultural fortunes of Greece. The richest place in America\'s musical landscape is that fertile ground occupied by jazz. Scott DeVeaux takes a central chapter in the history of jazz—the birth of bebop—and shows how our contemporary ideas of this uniquely American art form flow from that pivotal moment. At the same time, he provides an extraordinary view of the United States in the decades just prior to the civil rights movement. DeVeaux begins with an examination of the Swing Era, focusing particularly on the position of African American musicians. He highlights the role played by tenor saxophonist Coleman Hawkins, a progressive committed to a vision in which black jazz musicians would find a place in the world commensurate with their skills. He then looks at the young musicians of the early 1940s, including Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, and Thelonious Monk, and links issues within the jazz world to other developments on the American scene, including the turmoil during World War II and the pervasive racism of the period. Throughout, DeVeaux places musicians within the context of their professional world, paying close attention to the challenges of making a living as well as of making good music. He shows that bebop was simultaneously an artistic movement, an ideological statement, and a commercial phenomenon. In drawing from the rich oral histories that a living tradition provides, DeVeaux\'s book resonates with the narratives of individual lives. While The Birth of Bebop is a study in American cultural history and a critical musical inquiry, it is also a fitting homage to bebop and to those who made it possible. From the medieval farm implements used by the first colonists to the invisible links of the Internet, the history of technology in America is a history of society as well. Arguing that the tools and processes we use are a part of our lives, not simply instruments of our purpose, historian Carroll Pursell analyzes technology\'s impact on the lives of women and men, on their work, politics, and social relationships—and how, in turn, people influence technological development.Pursell shows how both the idea of progress and the mechanical means to harness the forces of nature developed and changed as they were brought from the Old World to the New. He describes the ways in which American industrial and agricultural technology began to take on a distinctive shape as it adapted and extended the technical base of the industrial revolution. He discusses the innovation of an American system of manufactures and the mechanization of agriculture new systems of mining, lumbering, and farming, which helped conquer and define the West and the technologies that shaped the rise of cities.In the second edition of The Machine in America, Pursell brings this classic history up to date with a revised chapter on war technology and new discussions on information technology, globalization, and the environment. During the first fifty years of the twentieth century, ham radio went from being an experiment to virtually an art form. Because of the few government restrictions and the low monetary investment required, the concept of ham radio appealed to various people. More than just a simple hobby, however, ham radio required its operators to understand radio theory, be able to trace a schematic and know how to build a transmitter and receiver with whatever material they might have available. With the advent of World War II and the increased need for cutting-edge communications, the United States government drew upon the knowledge and skill of these amateur ham radio operators. This book explores the history of ham radio operators, emphasizing their social history and their many contributions to the technological development of worldwide communications. It traces the concept of relays, including the American Radio Relay League, from contacts as close as 25 miles apart to operators anywhere in the world. The book highlights the part played by ham radio in many of the headline events of the half century, especially exploration and aviation firsts. The ways in which these primarily amateur operators assisted in times of disaster including such events as the sinking of the Titanic and the 1937 Ohio River flood, are also examined. From the medieval farm implements used by the first colonists to the invisible links of the Internet, the history of technology in America is a history of society as well. Arguing that the tools and processes we use are a part of our lives, not simply instruments of our purpose, historian Carroll Pursell analyzes technology\'s impact on the lives of women and men, on their work, politics, and social relationships—and how, in turn, people influence technological development.Pursell shows how both the idea of progress and the mechanical means to harness the forces of nature developed and changed as they were brought from the Old World to the New. He describes the ways in which American industrial and agricultural technology began to take on a distinctive shape as it adapted and extended the technical base of the industrial revolution. He discusses the innovation of an American system of manufactures and the mechanization of agriculture new systems of mining, lumbering, and farming, which helped conquer and define the West and the technologies that shaped the rise of cities.In the second edition of The Machine in America, Pursell brings this classic history up to date with a revised chapter on war technology and new discussions on information technology, globalization, and the environment. During the first fifty years of the twentieth century, ham radio went from being an experiment to virtually an art form. Because of the few government restrictions and the low monetary investment required, the concept of ham radio appealed to various people. More than just a simple hobby, however, ham radio required its operators to understand radio theory, be able to trace a schematic and know how to build a transmitter and receiver with whatever material they might have available. With the advent of World War II and the increased need for cutting-edge communications, the United States government drew upon the knowledge and skill of these amateur ham radio operators. This book explores the history of ham radio operators, emphasizing their social history and their many contributions to the technological development of worldwide communications. It traces the concept of relays, including the American Radio Relay League, from contacts as close as 25 miles apart to operators anywhere in the world. The book highlights the part played by ham radio in many of the headline events of the half century, especially exploration and aviation firsts. The ways in which these primarily amateur operators assisted in times of disaster including such events as the sinking of the Titanic and the 1937 Ohio River flood, are also examined. In this stunning account of the human impact of a single machine, John Ellis argues that the history of technology and military history are part and parcel of social history in general. The Social History of the Machine Gun, now with a new foreword by Edward C. Ezell, provides an original and fascinating interpretation of weaponry, warfare, and society in nineteenth-and twentieth-century Europe and America.From its beginning, the machine gun threatened established assumptions about the nature of war. In spite of its highly effective use in the European colonization of Africa, the machine gun was resisted by military elites, who clung to the old certanties of the battlefield--the glorious change and opportunities for individual heroism. These values were carried into the trenches of World War I and swept away along with a generation of soldiers.After the war, machine guns became commercially availble in America and in many ways became a symbol of the times. Advertisements touted the Thompson submachine gun as the ideal weapon for protecting factory and farm, while tommy guns entered the culture\'s imagination with Machine Gun Kelly and Boonie and Clyde. More significantly, Ellis suggests, the machine gun was the catalyst for the modern arms race. It necessitated a technological response: first the armored tank, then the jet fighter, and, perhaps ultimately, the hydrogen bomb. Table of Contents A. Background ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 1 B. Definition .........