Is the Renaissance a Thing The Renaissance An Introduction Why did the Renaissance start in Italy Europeans still looked to Rome for cultural and intellectual guidance Italy was a center of trade ID: 935887
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Slide1
Good Afternoon Class
Discuss with the person next to you the Crash Course video:
Is the Renaissance a Thing?
Slide2The Renaissance: An Introduction
Slide3Why did the Renaissance start in Italy?
Europeans still looked to Rome for cultural and intellectual guidance
Italy was a center
of trade.
Italian merchants prospered even during the Middle Ages; these merchants valued education and flaunted wealth through artThe Church’s wealth and power was based in Italy
Slide4Florence
Renaissance centered on the Italian
city-state
of Florence
Home to the powerful
Medici family
wealthy bankers (banking had become too profitable and important to the economy to leave in the hands of Europe’s Jews)
spent
vast amounts of money on art
Slide5What was the Renaissance?
Three
Parts:
Secularism
A shift in thought:Secularism: A focus is on the
secular(non-religious) (or “worldly”), rather than the religiousFocus of life changed from “How do I get into Heaven?” to “How do I enjoy success here and now?”
Slide6What was the Renaissance?
2. Humanism:
or
the
idea that rational thought is superior to unquestioning faith
A renewed interest in education with a Heavy
focus on the humanities (history, philosophy, & literature)
R
evival of the classical learning of the Greeks &
Romans (classicism)Civic Humanism
: application of humanism to civil service (Machiavelli)
Christian Humanism: Application of humanism to one’s own religious traditions (Erasmus)
Slide7What was the Renaissance?
3.
Individualism:
new emphasis on individual achievement. Individual out to be free to think, speak and act for himself and an openness to experimentation
a willingness to explore the world (Columbus)a willingness to
engage in scientific inquiry
(Galileo, Copernicus)
a willingness to
try new techniques in art (Michelangelo)a willingness to challenge religious doctrine (Luther)
Slide8What was the Renaissance
4.
Scientific Naturalism
: close observation of the natural world
geometry space anatomy
Slide9Greek & Roman Ideas
T
hat
H
umanists Focused On:
1. Individual worth: humans can improve themselves through study & effort2. One should show a strong commitment to public service3. Humans can
impact history,
not just God
Slide10Pico Della Mirandola
Giovanni Pico
della
Mirandola was one of the foremost intellects of the Italian Renaissance. Pico boasted that he had studied all schools of philosophy, which he tried to demonstrate by drawing up nine hundred theses for public disputation at the age of twenty-four. As a preface to his theses, he wrote his famous Oration on the Dignity of Man, in which he proclaimed the unlimited potentiality of human beings.
Slide11Pico della
Mirandola
“On the Dignity of Man”
1. HIPP THE DOCUMENT2. Answer the following:1. Why, in Pico’s view, does man have great dignity and capacity?2. What does Pico see as the purpose of human life?3. Renaissance humanism has sometimes been viewed as opposed to religion, and especially to the teachings of the Catholic Church at the time.
Slide12Roles
Leader: 4
Presenter: 2
Recorder: 1
Presenter: 3
Slide13Reminder
Quiz on pages 358-373 on FRIDAY
Slide14Humanism in the Arts
Humanist artists:
studied Greek and Roman artistic forms
often portrayed religious figures in a more realistic (or human) way
painted portraits of the “rich and famous” people of the time
mastered the trick of perspective, or the ability to give a painting dimensional depth
Rejected medieval Gothic architecture in favor of classical Greek forms (columns, arches, & domes)
Slide15Patronage in the Arts
Art is a luxury good, and as such, is expensive
Most Renaissance artists depended on wealthy patrons (or “sponsors”), such as the Medici family or the pope, who kept them employed
In the end, while many artists had humanist ideals, they also had to keep their patrons happy and produce art that would sell!
Slide16The Four “Masters” of the Italian Renaissance
Slide17Donatello
1386 – 1466
Name:
Donato
di Niccolo
di
Betto Barti Master sculptorCreated the first life-size statue of a rider on horseback since Roman times
Masterworks include his version of “David”
Slide18Slide19Leonardo da Vinci
1452 – 1519
Only 15 paintings survive, but 2 of them are the most famous of all
time
– the “Mona Lisa” &
“The Last Supper”Master engineer & inventor
Dissected human corpses
to
learn
anatomy
Slide20Mona Lisa
Slide21The Last Supper
Slide22Michelangelo
1475 – 1564
Name: Michelangelo
di
Lodovico
Buonarroti
Simoni
Master sculptor – the “Pieta” & “David”Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel -
m
ural depicting the Biblical stories
of Genesis
Architect
– designed the dome of St. Peter’s cathedral in Rome
Slide23The Sistine Chapel
Slide24The Sistine Chapel
Slide25David
Slide26The
Pieta
Slide27Raphael
1483 – 1520
Name:
Raffaello
Sanzio
Studied works of Leonardo and Michelangelo
Painted many
“
Madonnas
” of Mary and the baby JesusMost famous work, “The School of Athens,” depicts an imaginary meeting of history’s greatest thinkers and artists and is a masterpiece of perspective
Slide28The School of Athens
Slide29Italian Literature
Baldassare
Castiglione
→
Author of The Book of the Courtier
, which told how to be a proper gentleman at the royal court
Petrarch
Poet, essayist, philosopher; famous for publishing his own letters to friends on various topics; called the “Father of Humanism”
Slide30Niccolo Machiavelli
Author of
The Prince
Told
how to gain and maintain power through ruthlessness
Taught
that rulers should do whatever was necessary to achieve their objectives: “the ends justifies the means”
His
writings still affect how
governments and political campaigns are run even today
Slide31The Renaissance Spreads
Renaissance ideas (especially humanism) carried into the Netherlands by the Roman Catholic priest Erasmus
Later spread to England, France, Spain, & Germany
Slide32Northern Renaissance Art
Many new painters flourished, including van Eyck, Bruegel, & Rubens
Used newly invented oil paints which were brighter, allowed greater detail to be painted, and stood up better over time
Slide33Erasmus
Wrote a new translation of the Bible in Greek (violating Church law) and began to call on the Church to translate it into common languages so that more people could read it
Erasmus also openly criticized the hypocrisies of the Church in his book
In The Praise of Folly
Slide34Northern Renaissance Authors
←
Thomas
More
– wrote
Utopia, which described an ideal society
Francois Rabelais
– wrote
Gargantua
and Pantagruel, a comic social satireWilliam Shakespeare – author of 37 plays including tragedies, comedies, and histories (
Romeo & Juliet, Hamlet,
McBeth
)
Cervantes
– wrote
Don Quixote
, which mocked feudalism & the nobility
Slide35The Printing Press
1456
: Johann Gutenberg printed the first book in the
west, using technology imported from East Asia
Within 20 years, moveable type had been invented, making printing even easier
By 1500, 20 million books had been printed in Europe
made books much cheaper
more access to books = more people
learning
to readnew discoveries and ideas can spread more quickly