PDF-(BOOS)-Stars as Laboratories for Fundamental Physics: The Astrophysics of Neutrinos, Axions,

The first extended work of its kind Stars as Laboratories for Fundamental Physics stands at the intersection of two burgeoning fields astrophysics and particle physics Georg Raffelt one of the worlds leading researchers in this field describes what the study of stars reveals about fundamental particle interactionsRaffelt presents the many uses of stellar astrophysics for research in basic particle physics He focuses primarily on the properties and nongravitational interactions of elementary particles Numerous graphs and figures complement the textStars as Laboratories for Fundamental Physics is a valuable reference for cosmologists astrophysicists and particle physicists. Chapter 0, Introduction. Yosuke Mizuno. Institute of Astronomy. National . Tsing-Hua. University. Lecture Website. Lecture Website. http://. www.phys.nthu.edu.tw. /~. mizuno. /. plastro.htm. l. No specific text book for this lecture. Axion Dark Matter. Georg G. . Raffelt. , Max-Planck-. Institut. f. ür Physik, . München. Physics Colloquium, University of Sydney, 3 March 2014. Axions. as Cold Dark Matter of the Universe. Dark . Solar Physics. Course structure. My part - 12 lectures: week 1 – week 6. 6 assignments: . 5 (each week) to do at home (5% of final mark). 1 assignment – computational work (10%) ?. Exam: 70% two parts . . . Neutrinos Are Very Elusive!. We now understand that neutrinos are produced in nuclear reactions, but they were actually . predicted several decades before they were finally discovered. . O. n what basis was that prediction made?. Axion . L. imits. Georg G. Raffelt, Max-Planck-Institut f. ür Physik, München. Sun. Globular Cluster. Supernova 1987A. Dark Matter. Axion Bounds and Searches. Too . much CDM. (misalignment). Tele. Siobhan Parish. Telescopes. Chapter One. Lenses. A converging lens makes parallel rays converge to a focus.. The point that they focus to is the principal focus/focal point of the lens. A diverging lens makes parallel rays diverge. of . Principal . Component Analysis. Zachariah . Schrecengost. 1. , . Shashi. . Kanbur. 1. 1. SUNY. Oswego, Oswego, NY. NSF . Office of International Science and Engineering award number . 1065093. Dr Susan Cartwright. Department of Physics and Astronomy. Discovering neutrinos. Routes to scientific discovery:. Accident!. You find something unexpected in your data. For example, gamma-ray bursts (discovered by satellites designed to look for clandestine nuclear tests). Essential Astrophysics is a book to learn or teach from, as well as a fundamental reference volume for anyone interested in astronomy and astrophysics. It presents astrophysics from basic principles without requiring any previous study of astronomy or astrophysics. It serves as a comprehensive introductory text, which takes the student through the field of astrophysics in lecture-sized chapters of basic physical principles applied to the cosmos.This one-semester overview will be enjoyed by undergraduate students with an interest in the physical sciences, such as astronomy, chemistry, engineering or physics, as well as by any curious student interested in learning about our celestial science. The mathematics required for understanding the text is on the level of simple algebra, for that is all that is needed to describe the fundamental principles.The text is of sufficient breadth and depth to prepare the interested student for more advanced specialised courses in the future. Astronomical examples are provided throughout the text, to reinforce the basic concepts and physics, and to demonstrate the use of the relevant formulae. In this way, the student learns to apply the fundamental equations and principles to cosmic objects and situations. Astronomical and physical constants and units as well as the most fundamental equations can be found in the appendix. Essential Astrophysics goes beyond the typical textbook by including references to the seminal papers in the field, with further reference to recent applications, results, or specialised literature. Provides a physics-centered analysis of a broad range of astronomical systems that appeals to a large audience of advanced undergraduate students in physics and engineeringThis book gives a survey of astrophysics at the advanced undergraduate level. It originates from a two-semester course sequence at Rutgers University that is meant to appeal not only to astrophysics students but also more broadly to physics and engineering students. The organization is driven more by physics than by astronomy in other words, topics are first developed in physics and then applied to astronomical systems that can be investigated, rather than the other way around.The first half of the book focuses on gravity. Gravity is the dominant force in many astronomical systems, so a tremendous amount can be learned by studying gravity, motion and mass. The theme in this part of the book, as well as throughout astrophysics, is using motion to investigate mass. The goal of Chapters 2-11 is to develop a progressively richer understanding of gravity as it applies to objects ranging from planets and moons to galaxies and the universe as a whole. The second half uses other aspects of physics to address one of the big questions. While Why are we here? lies beyond the realm of physics, a closely related question is within our reach: How did we get here? The goal of Chapters 12-20 is to understand the physics behind the remarkable story of how the Universe, Earth and life were formed. This book assumes familiarity with vector calculus and introductory physics (mechanics, electromagnetism, gas physics and atomic physics) however, all of the physics topics are reviewed as they come up (and vital aspects of vector calculus are reviewed in the Appendix). The study of cataclysmic variables - interacting binary stars containing a white dwarf accreting from an orbiting companion - is undergoing an exciting renaissance, as it embraces observations at all wavelengths. Cataclysmic variables allow, in particular, the direct and detailed study of equilibrium and non-equilibrium accretion discs in turn these developments also help in our understanding of X-ray binaries, black holes and active galactic nuclei. This timely volume provides the first comprehensive survey of cataclysmic variable stars, integrating theory and observation into a single, synthesised text. An introductory chapter gives the historical background of studies of cataclysmic variables. The author then goes on to give an up-to-date review of both the observations (at all wavelengths, and over all time-scales), the theories, the models of the structures and accretion processes believed to be involved. A very detailed bibliography is also provided to guide the reader to pertinent primary literature. White dwarfs, neutron stars, and (solar mass) black holes are the collapsed cores of stars which, near the ends of their luminous lives, have shed most of their mass in supernova explosions or other, less spectacular, instabilities. Here gravity crushes matter to realms that lie far beyond present empirical knowledge. This book explores the diverse forms that such compact stars can possibly take, as constrained by the laws of nature: the general principles of relativity and quantum mechanics, the properties of nuclear matter deduced from nuclei, and the asymptotic freedom of quarks at high density. The book is self contained. It reviews general relativity, essential aspects of nuclear and particle physics, and general features of white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes it includes background on such matters as stellar formation and evolution, the discovery of pulsars and associated phenomena, and the strange-matter hypothesis. The book develops a theory for the constitution of neutron stars and the more exotic Hyperon Stars, Hybrid Stars (containing a quark matter core surrounded by an intricate lattice of quark and hadronic matter) and Strange Stars and Dwarfs (composed of the three light quark flavors sheathed in a solid skin of heavy ions). This second edition has been revised throughout to clarify discussions and bring data up to date it includes new figures, several new sections, and new chapters on Bose condensates in neutron stars and on phase transitions. Cosmological Role. Experimental Searches. Georg Raffelt. Max Planck Institute for Physics. Munich. xions. Axion Physics in a Nut Shell. CP conservation in QCD by. Peccei-Quinn mechanism. For f. a. . Current and Future Challenges. Roger . Blandford. KIPAC. Topics. Why do we care?. How are we doing?. How many (Hubble) flowers?. Physics . vs. magic?. Validation?. What next?. 8 ii 2012. KIPAC. 2. 8 ii 2012.