Intestinal Parasites Mostly spread in developing countries Fecal oral transmission from Contaminated water Raw vegetables Soil Person to person Protozoa ID: 933136
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Parasitology Mini-System" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
ParasitologyMini-System
Slide2Intestinal Parasites
Mostly
spread in
developing
countries
Fecal
–
oral
transmission
from:
Contaminated
water
Raw
vegetables
Soil
Person
to
person
Protozoa
/
Elminths
Slide3Intestinal Parasites - Protozoa
Single cellTrophozoites: living organisms, replicationCysts: resistant to environment, infectious form
Life cycle can involve different hosts
Example:
Entamoeba hystolytica
Giardia
Cryptosporidium
Slide4Giardia duodenalis life cycle
Slide5Intestinal Parasites - Elminths
MulticellularLarvae / Adult elminthsEggs: resistant to environment, infectious formExample:
Ascaris
Taenia
Hookworm
Strongyloides
Slide6Ascaris lumbricoides life cycle
Slide7Educational Tools
WHO
Bench
Aids
https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/index.html
Slide8Diagnostic Procedures (fecal specimens)Direct slide microscopic examination (low sensitivity)
Microscopic examination after concentrationRecommended by WHO “Formalin Ether Technique (Ritchie)”ImmunoassaysMicrotiter EIA
Rapid tests
Immunofluorescence assays
PCR
Slide9Concentration and microscopic examination
Collection of fecal specimen
Fixation (most commonly Formalin based fixatives)
Disinfection
Morphology preservation
Filtration
Cotton gauze or 0,25 mm
Food debris elimination
Solvent addition (Ethyl Acetate)
Dissolve fat for easy filtration
Concentration by centrifugation (4 layers)
Sediment microscopic examination
Staining (iodine)
Morphological identification
Slide10Commercial disposable systems
Slide11Mini-System Parasitology concentration
Slide12Mini-System Parasitology concentration
Slide13Mini-System Parasitology concentration
Slide14Mini-SystemMidi-System
Tube 13 mm
diameter
4 ml of
fixative
Tube 30 mm
diameter
10 ml of
fixative
Slide15Mini-System CapsOptional Item for closing the centrifuge tubes
to avoid spills and smellThe cap is perforated so that a Pasteur pipette can be introduced to collect the sediment without the need or removing itMINI-SYSTEM CAP – 25RPP01
500 units
Slide16Mini-System Screw Caps
Optional Screw Caps for closing the centrifuge tubesfor long term storage of positive specimens
MINI-SYSTEM SCREW CAPS
25RPP04AB
-
500 units
Slide17Mini-System Fixatives
ECOSAFSodium Acetate Formalin fixativeLow formaldehyde content: 0,58% w/v.
PARAGREEN
Proprietary formulation: does not contain Formaldehyde, Alcohol or Heavy metals
Slide18FORMALDEHYDE – SAFETY ISSUES
WORK
SAFETY
IARC
classifies
formaldehyde as a
known human
carcinogen
Skin sensitizing agent (produces allergies)
Vapors
are poisonous and heavier than
air
Exhaust
systems are required
The
human nose can detect concentration of 0,8-1ppm. The US OSHA TWA standards define a 1ppm exposure limit. (critical concentrations in the air are hardly detected by human smell receptors)
Vapors in air can produce explosive mixtures.
Vapors have a strong irritant effect on the eyes, lungs and mucosa.
Contact with the skin can cause sensitization.
Swallowing can produce serious irreversible damage and death. Protective measures are required: Respiratory protection, Eye protection, protective clothing and gloves, exhaust systems, medical surveillance of employees.
LOGISTIC
Danger of fire , High risk of explosion in mixtures between 7% and 73% by volume in air.
Classification - Dangerous Goods
Formaldehyde oxidizes to produce formic acid which is a highly corrosive substance.
ENVIRONMENT
Controlled disposal
necessary
Slide19Competition:Closed systems without Formalin
Meridian Bioscience
Different closed systems, need for Ethyl Acetate
Ecofix
without Formalin, but dangerous
Parasep
SF (Solvent
F
ree) -
Apacor
Two closed formats, do not require Ethyl Acetate
SafEFix
fixative, without Formalin,
can produce skin allergy
Slide20Formaldehyde free ECOFIX (Meridian Bioscience)Safety Data Sheet
Contains:Ethanol, Methanol, Zinc Sulfate (heavy metal), Acetic Acid
Slide21SafEFix (Apacor) – Without FormalinSafety Sheet
Slide22Validation study – Mini-System deviceComparison between Mini-System Ecosaf and their system in use: Parasep Formalin (Apacor)
200 routine specimens and 3 External Quality Control specimens (Neqas)170 negative results - 100% agreement30 positive results – 97% agreement
Parasitology Department
Pediatric Hospital Rome
Evaluation of concentration techniques of fresh fecal specimens
for the quantitative recovery and differentiation of intestinal parasites
Slide23Validation study – Mini-System deviceThe Mini-System Ecosaf was found to be easy to use, providing a very clean sediment.
“the sediment concentrated with the Mini-System kit resulted well clarified and therefore particularly suitable for detecting the parasites. From a technical point of view the Mini-System kit resulted particularly valid for its easiness and speed of use.”
Parasitology Department
Pediatric Hospital Rome
Slide24Validation study – Paragreen
This study was performed at the Parasitology Laboratory of the Veterinary Faculty of Milan University, to prove the efficacy of this safe fixative. The fact that animal specimens were used is not a limitation, as the parasites are the same which are found in humans.
The study is confirming that the safe Paragreen is working very well just like formalin. Several different types of parasites were included.
“The morphology was well preserved also after 7 days of permanence in the fixative. In summary, the conservation of feces of domestic carnivores in the fixative of Mini-System Paragreen did not produce alterations of various spreading forms of endoparasites (nematodes and protozoa) and those forms maintained all morphological characteristics which allow their correct identification at the optical microscope examination.”
Evaluation of PARAGREEN fixative (Biolife)
on different diffusion stages of endoparasites
Slide25Slide26Mini-System Comparison Study
Mini-System compared to Other company and Home procedure
Slide27Paragreen and other diagnostic assays
Specimens fixed
with
Formalin
and
Alcohol
based fixatives
cannot be further used for
other diagnostic tests
because
of
interferences
PARAGREEN
fixed
specimens
were
tested
by:
Rapid
tests
Lateral
flow
assays
Immunofluorescence
assaysNo interference was found. All
samples
,
both
positive and negative
provided
correct
results
Slide28Mini-System and Midi-System PARAGREEN
1. A unique disposable system for parasitology concentrationClosed systemNo need for Ethyl Acetate2. A new Formalin free fixative
Same fixation properties as Formalin based fixative
Not dangerous
Minimal workplace safety requirements
No need for exhaust hoods
No special restrictions for transportation and disposal
1+2 = Unique features useful for tenders:“Closed system with safe fixative
for parasite concentration, no Ethyl Acetate is needed”
Slide29Mini-System and Midi-System PARAGREEN
Disposable
device
for the
detection
of
intestinal
parasites
from
fecal
specimen
Fixation
with SAFE
fixative
(no
Formalin
)
Closed
system
Two
filters
for
clean
sediment
No need for
Ethyl
Acetate