PDF-[READ]-Everyday Technology: Machines and the Making of India\'s Modernity (science.culture)

In 1909 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi on his way back to South Africa from London wrote his now celebrated tract Hind Swaraj laying out his vision for the future of India and famously rejecting the technological innovations of Western civilization Despite his protestations Western technology endured and helped to make India one of the leading economies in our globalized world Few would question the dominant role that technology plays in modern life but to fully understand how India first advanced into technological modernity argues David Arnold we must consider the technology of the everyday Everyday Technology is a pioneering account of how small machines and consumer goods that originated in Europe and North America became objects of everyday use in India in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Rather than investigate big technologies such as railways and irrigation projects Arnold examines the assimilation and appropriation of bicycles rice mills sewing machines and typewriters in India and follows their impact on the ways in which people worked and traveled the clothes they wore and the kind of food they ate But the effects of these machines were not limited to the daily rituals of Indian society and Arnold demonstrates how such smallscale technologies became integral to new ways of thinking about class race and gender as well as about the politics of colonial rule and Indian nationhood Arnolds fascinating book offers new perspectives on the globalization of modern technologies and shows us that to truly understand what modernity became we need to look at the everyday experiences of people in all walks of life taking stock of how they repurposed small technologies to reinvent their world and themselves. 2014 OFFICE MEMORANDUM Subject Revision of emoluments and guidelines on service conditions for research pensonnel employed in R D programme of the Gentral Government DepartmentsAgencies Attention is invited to the Office Memorandum OM No A20020111197 In this lesson you will read about the contributions made by ancient Indians in the field of Mathematics and Science including Medical Science Ayurveda Yoga Astronomy Astrology etc You will be surprised to know that a lot of scientific knowledge was 81 Security 142 Drugs pharmaceuticals 469 Climate change pr ogramme 1564 Solar energy r esearch initiative 313 Nano science and technology mission 782 Focus RD in 12th Five Year Plan 20122017 Starting ambitiously this GE RD centre has grown to more 95 NO 11 10 DECEMBER 2008 1512 Administrative wrangles as an im pediment to research progress in India There have been a number of articles providing reasons for lack of proper res earch output in India While a few have highlighted the failure o Disciples Making Disciples. Everyday Discipleship. “If anyone desires to come after Me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow me” (. Lk. . 9:23).. A disciple is not above his teacher, nor a servant above his master. It is enough for a disciple that he be like his teacher, and a servant like his master…” (Mt. 10:24, 25a).. – new directions and prospects. Department of Economics Discussion Paper Series Number 660 June 2013. . Christine . Greenhalgh. Presentation 31 October 2013. Seminar for OIPRC Oxford. Four routes to technological improvement in less developed economies (LDCs). Swami Vivekananda . 150 . Women's Initiative . [. SV150WI. ]. Why?. SV150WI. Even as some educated young Indian women, like many . young men, are attracted to Western modernity. And therefore many perversions of the West are penetrating India.... There is a lot of competition for the top-quality aluminium door making machines available in India, that is more required for the builders, contractors, and for the architects. We supply the aluminium window fabrication machinery for small to big companies who manufacture both uPVC and aluminium windows and doors. There is an increased demand for the composite doors and windows of different profiles, that are mostly aluminium and uPVC. For past few years, the people are preferring to use aluminium and uPVC windows and doors in India To most people, technology has been reduced to computers, consumer goods, and military weapons we speak of technological progress in terms of RAM and CD-ROMs and the flatness of our television screens. In Human-Built World, thankfully, Thomas Hughes restores to technology the conceptual richness and depth it deserves by chronicling the ideas about technology expressed by influential Western thinkers who not only understood its multifaceted character but who also explored its creative potential.Hughes draws on an enormous range of literature, art, and architecture to explore what technology has brought to society and culture, and to explain how we might begin to develop an ecotechnology that works with, not against, ecological systems. From the Creator model of development of the sixteenth century to the big science of the 1940s and 1950s to the architecture of Frank Gehry, Hughes nimbly charts the myriad ways that technology has been woven into the social and cultural fabric of different eras and the promises and problems it has offered. Thomas Jefferson, for instance, optimistically hoped that technology could be combined with nature to create an Edenic environment Lewis Mumford, two centuries later, warned of the increasing mechanization of American life.Such divergent views, Hughes shows, have existed side by side, demonstrating the fundamental idea that in its variety, technology is full of contradictions, laden with human folly, saved by occasional benign deeds, and rich with unintended consequences. In Human-Built World, he offers the highly engaging history of these contradictions, follies, and consequences, a history that resurrects technology, rightfully, as more than gadgetry it is in fact no less than an embodiment of human values. In 1909 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, on his way back to South Africa from London, wrote his now celebrated tract Hind Swaraj, laying out his vision for the future of India and famously rejecting the technological innovations of Western civilization. Despite his protestations, Western technology endured and helped to make India one of the leading economies in our globalized world. Few would question the dominant role that technology plays in modern life, but to fully understand how India first advanced into technological modernity, argues David Arnold, we must consider the technology of the everyday. Everyday Technology is a pioneering account of how small machines and consumer goods that originated in Europe and North America became objects of everyday use in India in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Rather than investigate “big” technologies such as railways and irrigation projects, Arnold examines the assimilation and appropriation of bicycles, rice mills, sewing machines, and typewriters in India, and follows their impact on the ways in which people worked and traveled, the clothes they wore, and the kind of food they ate. But the effects of these machines were not limited to the daily rituals of Indian society, and Arnold demonstrates how such small-scale technologies became integral to new ways of thinking about class, race, and gender, as well as about the politics of colonial rule and Indian nationhood. Arnold’s fascinating book offers new perspectives on the globalization of modern technologies and shows us that to truly understand what modernity became, we need to look at the everyday experiences of people in all walks of life, taking stock of how they repurposed small technologies to reinvent their world and themselves. Over the past five centuries, advances in Western understanding of and control over the material world have strongly influenced European responses to non-Western peoples and cultures. In Machines as the Measure of Men, Michael Adas explores the ways in which European perceptions of their scientific and technological superiority shaped their interactions with people overseas. Adopting a broad, comparative perspective, he analyzes European responses to the cultures of sub-Saharan Africa, India, and China, cultures that they judged to represent lower levels of material mastery and social organization.Beginning with the early decades of overseas expansion in the sixteenth century, Adas traces the impact of scientific and technological advances on European attitudes toward Asians and Africans and on their policies for dealing with colonized societies. He concentrates on British and French thinking in the nineteenth century, when, he maintains, scientific and technological measures of human worth played a critical role in shaping arguments for the notion of racial supremacy and the civilizing mission ideology which were used to justify Europe\'s domination of the globe. Finally, he examines the reasons why many Europeans grew dissatisfied with and even rejected this gauge of human worth after World War I, and explains why it has remained important to Americans.Showing how the scientific and industrial revolutions contributed to the development of European imperialist ideologies, Machines as the Measure of Men highlights the cultural factors that have nurtured disdain for non-Western accomplishments and value systems. It also indicates how these attitudes, in shaping policies that restricted the diffusion of scientific knowledge, have perpetuated themselves, and contributed significantly to chronic underdevelopment throughout the developing world. Adas\'s far-reaching and provocative book will be compelling reading for all who are concerned about the history of Western imperialism and its legacies.First published to wide acclaim in 1989, Machines as the Measure of Men is now available in a new edition that features a preface by the author that discusses how subsequent developments in gender and race studies, as well as global technology and politics, enter into conversation with his original arguments. To most people, technology has been reduced to computers, consumer goods, and military weapons we speak of technological progress in terms of RAM and CD-ROMs and the flatness of our television screens. In Human-Built World, thankfully, Thomas Hughes restores to technology the conceptual richness and depth it deserves by chronicling the ideas about technology expressed by influential Western thinkers who not only understood its multifaceted character but who also explored its creative potential.Hughes draws on an enormous range of literature, art, and architecture to explore what technology has brought to society and culture, and to explain how we might begin to develop an ecotechnology that works with, not against, ecological systems. From the Creator model of development of the sixteenth century to the big science of the 1940s and 1950s to the architecture of Frank Gehry, Hughes nimbly charts the myriad ways that technology has been woven into the social and cultural fabric of different eras and the promises and problems it has offered. Thomas Jefferson, for instance, optimistically hoped that technology could be combined with nature to create an Edenic environment Lewis Mumford, two centuries later, warned of the increasing mechanization of American life.Such divergent views, Hughes shows, have existed side by side, demonstrating the fundamental idea that in its variety, technology is full of contradictions, laden with human folly, saved by occasional benign deeds, and rich with unintended consequences. In Human-Built World, he offers the highly engaging history of these contradictions, follies, and consequences, a history that resurrects technology, rightfully, as more than gadgetry it is in fact no less than an embodiment of human values. The Desired Brand Effect Stand Out in a Saturated Market with a Timeless Brand