of freshwater algae Magdalena Grabowska Faculty of Biology University of Białystok Ciołkowskiego 1J 15245 Białystok Poland magrauwbedupl 1 A spring is a point at which water flows from ID: 935718
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Slide1
The role of springs in maintaining the biodiversity of freshwater algaeMagdalena GrabowskaFaculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland magra@uwb.edu.pl
1
Slide2A spring is a point at which water flows from an aquifer to the Earth's surfaceWhy springs are worth working? - are amongst the least recognized aquatic
systems,
combine aquatic and terrestrial, as well as subterranean and surface water environmental features
(„
double ecotones
”),guarantee high stability of chemical and physical water parameters for hydrobionts throughout the year,- remain biodiversity refuges even in anthropogenically influenced areas.
2
Slide3Global distribution of springs
Slide4Brief overview of diatom studies in
Polish springs
s
ince
the
very beggining of phycological studies (Schumann 1867, Gutwiński 1895, Rostafiński 1909) and
later …
Slide55Location of springs in Poland (Dynowska 1986)
TN - total
number of taxa
, R - rare
taxa, NS - new for scienceResults from study of selected Polish springs
Study
area
References
TN
R
NS
10
springs
of
Łódź
Hills
(
C
entral
Poland)
Żelazna-Wieczorek (2010)
456
24
2
67
springs
of Southern Poland
Wojtal
(2013)
520
96
1
new
genus
Crenotia
3
species
Slide6Typology of springs (Thienemann 1926 after Starmach et al. 1976)RHEONOCRENE HELOCRENE LIMNOCRENE6
https://springstewardshipinstitute.org/limnocrene
Slide77Study area
26
springs of Knyszyńska
Forest Landscape
Park (KFLP
)Samples of benthic diatoms were collected in August 2014 and August 2015. Additionally, sampling of three springs were repeated in April 2017.
Slide8Short chracteristic of springs(Puczko et al. 2018)8h
ydrochemical type of water: HCO3
- Ca2+alkaline waters
(pH 6.8 - 8.6) discharge
(0.5
- 50.5 L s-1 )different types: rheocrenes, limnocrenes, helocrenesdifferent catchment (forest and rural area)stone, gravel and sand bottom
Rheocrene
in
Pieszczaniki
Limnocrene
in
Łaźnie
Helocrene
in
Bereszczka
valley
Slide9AIMSStudy of diatoms diversity in the lowland springs in Knyszyńska Forest (NE Poland)Recognition of localities of a special values (rare species, unique diatom assemblages)METHODSDiatom analysis (Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy)
Slide10Total numer of taxa: 167 (0 - 36)maximum: limnocrene Łaźnie
Slide11Results and DiscussionCOMMON AND FAIRLY COMMON TAXA
Navicula
tripunctata
(O.F.Müller) Bory 1822tolerates pollution, absent in oligotrophy and acidic watersPlanothidium lanceolatum(Brébbison) Round & Bukhtiyarova 1996all
types of
waters
Reimeria
sinuata
(Gregory) Kociołek &
Stroermer
1987
Optimum –
flowing
waters
, mountains
Meridion
circulare
(
Greville
)
C.Agardh
1831
Cocconeis
placentula
var
.
lineata
(Ehrenberg) Van
Heurck
1885
Slide12RARE AND VULNERABLE TAXA12
Fragilariforma
nitzschoides
(
Grunow
) Lange-Bertalot 2011very rare and usually in low numberAneumastus
stroesei
(
Østrup
) D.G. Mann 1990
Cocconeis
pseudothumensis
E.
Reichardt
1982
does
not tolerate
even
a small amount
of
pollution
Diploneis
krammeri
Lange-
Bertalot
&
Reichardt
2000
Slide13STILL POORLY KNOWN TAXA 13Stauroneis phoenicenteron
(Nitzsch) Ehrenberg 1843
Navicula
upsaliensis
(Grunow) Peragallo 1903Amphora eximiaJ.R. Carter in E.Y. Haworth
1974
Slide1414ENDANDERED TAXANavicula striolata (Grunow
) Lange-Bertalot
1985mainly
in
upland
springs with sand bottombroad tolerance range for nitrate concentration but narrow for Mg2+ and Na+ (moderate) concentration
Records
from Poland:
Rakowska
1996
Żelazna-Wieczorek &
Bik
2009
Żelazna-Wieczorek 2011
Wojtal 2013
Slide15Diploneis alpina Meister 191215NEW TAXA FOR POLAND
Occurrence
:
Great
B
ritain (Hartley i in. 1986, Whitton i in. 2003), Germany (Ludwig & Schnittler
1996), Macedonia (Levkov
& Williams 2012),
Russia
(Europa) (Steina 2007),
Slovakia
(Hindák &
Hindáková
2016)
Dimension
:
46 - 88 µm / 19 - 28
µm
8 - 9
striae
in
10
µm
Knyszyńska
Forest
Dimension
:
50 - 120 µm / 18 - 25
µm
7 - 11
striae
in
10
µm
(
Krammer
, Lange-
Bertalot
1986)
Slide16Taxa from Polish Red ListE - Endangered, V - Vulnerable, R - R
are
taxa
E
V
RNavicula striolata+
Cocconeis
pseudothumensis
+
Sellphora
bacillum
+
Stauronies
phoenicenteron
+
Aneumastus
stroeseii
+
Aneumastus
tusculus
+
Cocconeis
disculus
+
Fragilarioforma
nitzschioides
+
Geissleria
decussis
+
Hippodonta
neglecta
+
Navicula
oblonga
+
Navicula
rakowskae
+
Slide17Conclusions17The results confirm the important role of the springs in maintaining the biodiversity. The diatom assemblages
of the Knyszy
ńska Forest springs
w
as
represented by 167 taxa with different environmental requirements. Both taxa tolerating narrow and wide ranges of trophy and pollution, as well as those preferring different types of waters and landforms, were recorded.The highest number of species was recorded in
typical limnocrenic
spring with the
longest
water
retention
.
The most
common
diatoms
were
Diatoma
vulgaris
,
Cocconeis
placentula
var
.
lineata
,
Meridion
circulare
var
.
circulare
and
Amphora
ovalis
.
Alongside
cosmopolitan
and
widespread
species
,
many
rare
ones
have
been
found
.
For
example
Diploneis
alpina
was first recorded for Poland
.
Slide18AcknowledgmentsI would like to thank Dr. hab. Elżbieta Jekatierynczuk-Rudczyk (University of Białystok) and Dr. hab. Agata Wojtal (Institute
of Nature Conservation
PAS, Kraków)
for inspiration with springs and diatoms
,
valuable comments and support in field and laboratory study. 18
Slide19THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION