PDF-(DOWNLOAD)-Galaxies in the Universe: An Introduction

This extensively illustrated book presents the astrophysics of galaxies since their beginnings in the early Universe It has been thoroughly revised to take into account the most recent observational data and recent discoveries such as dark energy There are new sections on galaxy clusters gamma ray bursts and supermassive black holes The authors explore the basic properties of stars and the Milky Way before working out towards nearby galaxies and the distant Universe They discuss the structures of galaxies and how galaxies have developed and relate this to the evolution of the Universe The book also examines ways of observing galaxies across the whole electromagnetic spectrum and explores dark matter and its gravitational pull on matter and light This book is selfcontained and includes several homework problems with hints It is ideal for advanced undergraduate students in astronomy and astrophysics. Modern Cosmology. Look at your thumb.. The matter in it was present in the fiery beginning of the universe. . . Cosmology. , the study of the universe as a whole, can tell you where your matter came from and where it is going. . The Milky Way Galaxy. When you look into the hazy band of light across the sky, you are actually looking at our galaxy from the inside. While an awesome sight, you can only truly begin to see it if you get away from city lights on a moonless night. . Lecture 3; April . 11 2013. Previously.. On Astro-2. The universe is much larger than the Milky Way (Gpc vs kpc). There are billion of galaxies, the Milky Way is average Joe galaxy. Most galaxies can be classified based on their appearance as . Our Evolving Universe. 1. Other galaxies. Telescopic images of the night sky reveal many other galaxies. What do they look like?. are they all like the Milky Way?. Where are they?. spread randomly through space, or grouped?. 11. . What do you observe about the direction of the light shift for these galaxies?. Observation #1: . ALL GALAXIES ARE REDSHIFTED. What does this observation imply about the motion of galaxies relative to us?. Extraterrestrials. CELESTIAL BODIES. Astronomy that influence people’s lives and behavior. Astronomy – study of the night sky(planets, galaxies, stars, and other celestial bodies). UNIVERSE – it is everything that exists. Universe. Imagine that you find a star with an unknown distance, but you notice that it has a distinctive characteristic that tells you that it is a specific type of star. And let’s imagine that all stars of that type have the same luminosity, and you happen to know the value of that luminosity. You can then estimate the distance for the star you found from the inverse square law of light:. Galaxy Morphology and Environment. Main relation – . E’s more common in clusters than field. f(E. ) = fraction of ellipticals . f(Sp. ) = fraction of spirals. regular, symmetric cluster – . f(E. Islands of Stars. Our goals for learning. :. How are the lives of galaxies connected with the history of the universe?. What are the three major types of galaxies?. How are galaxies grouped together?. 4.f. Describe the hierarchical structure (stars, cluster, galaxies, galactic clusters) of the universe & examine the expanding universe to include its age & history & the modern techniques (e.g. radio, infrared, ultraviolet & x-ray astronomy) used to measure objects & distances in the universe. (DOK 2). Chapter 2. Stars. Section 1 Vocabulary. Spectrum. Apparent Magnitude. Absolute Magnitude. Light-Year. Parallax. Color of Stars. Red and Yellow. Cool. Blue . Warm. Blue flame hotter than yellow flame. The Hubble Deep Field. 10 day exposure –field located in the Big Dipper. Edwin Hubble. Edwin . Hubble. Hubble’s Galaxy Classification . Spiral Galaxies. galaxies like the Milky Way with arcing structures lying in a plane and emanating from the nuclear bulge. The universe is a big place, perhaps the biggest. . –Kurt Vonnegut. Cosmology. Cosmology is the study of the nature of the universe, how the universe began and how it will end, if it does. There is religious cosmology, and scientific cosmology. Chapter 21. How does distance affect an image?. Telescope- device that makes an object in the sky appear closer.. Revolutionized astronomy (study of space)- allowed them to see objects in space for first time..