PDF-[DOWNLOAD]-The Industrial Revolution: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)

The Industrial Revolution was a pivotal point in British history that occurred between the mideighteenth and midnineteenth centuries and led to far reaching transformations of society With the advent of revolutionary manufacturing technology productivity boomed Machines were used to spin and weave cloth steam engines were used to provide reliable power and industry was fed by the construction of the first railways a great network of arteries feeding the factories Cities grew as people shifted from agriculture to industry and commerce Hand in hand with the growth of cities came rising levels of pollution and disease Many people lost their jobs to the new machinery whilst working conditions in the factories were grim and pay was low As the middle classes prospered social unrest ran through the working classes and the exploitation of workers led to the growth of trade unions and protest movementsIn this Very Short Introduction Robert C Allen analyzes the key features of the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the spread of industrialization to other countries He considers the factors that combined to enable industrialization at this time including Britains position as a global commercial empire and discusses the changes in technology and business organization and their impact on different social classes and groups Introducing the winners and the losers of the Industrial Revolution he looks at how the changes were reflected in evolving government policies and what contribution these made to the economic transformationABOUT THE SERIES The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area These pocketsized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly Our expert authors combine facts analysis perspective new ideas and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable. The Industrial Revolution brought great changes in Britain.. Between 1780 and 1850 the population increased from 14 million to 27 million. Improvements in medicine . Hygiene became important . Food production increased. EXIT. An introduction should capture a reader’s interest and tell what the writing will be about.. MENU. Continue…. Introductions. EXIT. An introduction should capture a reader’s interest and tell what the writing will be about.. The Industrial Revolution, New Ideas, and Imperialism. The Industrial Revolution. What was it?. New way of producing goods and products that used new technologies to dramatically increase productivity. Evaluation. In what way did the Agricultural Revolution pave the way for the Industrial Revolution?. A. It led to population growth.. B. It caused farmers to lose land and seek other work.. C. It increased food supplies.. Progress. Production, Profit, Pollution. Industrial Revolution. Production and Profit. Massive increase in energy use from burning fossil fuels.. Agrarian to industry-based economy. Rapid and large increase in production of goods. 1750-1850. Section 1: The Beginning . Analyze why life changed as industry . spread.. Summarize . how an agricultural revolution led to the growth of . industry.. Outline . the new technologies that helped trigger the Industrial Revolution.. And How Imitation . is . T. he . Greatest Form of Flattery. The Industrial Revolution was a significant turning point in world history. During the Industrial Revolution, machines were used to manufacture goods. © Student Handouts, Inc.. The First Industrial Revolution. Historical Significance of the Industrial Revolution. An ancient Greek or Roman would have been just as comfortable in Europe in 1700 because daily life was not much different – agriculture and technology were not much changed in 2000 years. The Industrial Revolution © Student Handouts, Inc. Key Terms: Industrial Revolution, factors of production, factory system, labor union, mass production, interchangeable parts, assembly line, socialism, Karl Marx, communism, standard of living, Henry Ford, Bessemer Process Starter Sheets. Readings. Year 9 . Hist. - Industrial Revolution Lesson . 1. . Reading Activity . –. Britain before the Revolution. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________. Every atom of our bodies has been part of a star. In this lively and compact introduction, astrophysicist Andrew King reveals how the laws of physics force stars to evolve, driving them through successive stages of maturity before their inevitable and sometimes spectacular deaths, to end as remnants such as black holes. The book shows how we know what stars are made of, how gravity forces stars like the Sun to shine by transmuting hydrogen into helium in their centers, and why this stage is so long-lived and stable. Eventually the star ends its life in one of just three ways, and much of its enriched chemical content is blasted into space in its death throes. Every dead star is far smaller and denser than when it began, and we see how astronomers can detect these stellar corpses as pulsars and black holes and other exotic objects. King also shows how astronomers now use stars to measure properties of the Universe, such as its expansion. Finally, the book asks how it is that stars form in the first place, and how they re-form out of the debris left by stars already dead. These birth events must also be what made planets, not only in our solar system, but around a large fraction of all stars. The war instinct is part of human nature, but the means to fight war depend on technology. Alex Roland traces the co-evolution of technology and warfare from the Stone Age to the age of cyberwar, describing the inventions that changed the direction of warfare throughout history: from fortifiedwalls, the chariot, battleships, and the gunpowder revolution to bombers, rockets, improvised explosive devices (IEDs), and nuclear weapons.In the twenty-first century, new technologies continue to push warfare in unexpected directions, while warfare stimulates stunning new technological advances. Yet even now, the newest and best technology cannot guarantee victory. Brimming with dramatic narratives of battles and deep insights intomilitary psychology, this book shows that although military technologies keep changing at great speed, the principles and patterns behind them abide. The applications of Artificial Intelligence lie all around us in our homes, schools and offices, in our cinemas, in art galleries and -- not least -- on the Internet. The results of Artificial Intelligence have been invaluable to biologists, psychologists, and linguists in helping tounderstand the processes of memory, learning, and language from a fresh angle.As a concept, Artificial Intelligence has fueled and sharpened the philosophical debates concerning the nature of the mind, intelligence, and the uniqueness of human beings. In this Very Short Introduction, Margaret A. Boden reviews the philosophical and technological challenges raised by ArtificialIntelligence, considering whether programs could ever be really intelligent, creative, or even conscious, and shows how the pursuit of Artificial Intelligence has helped us to appreciate how human and animal minds are possible.ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, andenthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable. Early Americans were suspicious of centralized authority and executive power. Casting away the yoke of England and its king, the founding fathers shared in this distrust as they set out to pen the Constitution. Weighing a need for consolidated leadership with a demand for states\' rights, theyestablished a large federal republic with limited dominion over the states, leaving most of the governing responsibility with the former colonies. With this dual system of federalism, the national government held the powers of war, taxation, and commerce, and the ability to pass the laws necessaryto uphold these functions.Although the federal role has grown substantially since then, states and local governments continue to perform most of the duties in civil and criminal law, business and professional licensing, the management of infrastructure and public services: roads, schools, libraries, sanitation, land use anddevelopment, and etc. Despite the critical roles of state and local governments, there is little awareness-or understanding-of the nature and operations of the federal system.This Very Short Introduction provides a concise overview of federalism, from its origins and evolution to the key events and constitutional decisions that have defined its framework. Although the primary focus is on the United States, other federal systems, including Brazil, Canada, India, Germany, Russia, South Africa, Switzerland, and the EU, are addressed.