. Session 1.1 Introduction to Nutrition - PowerPoint Presentation

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Session 1.1Introduction to Nutrition

Integrating Nutrition Assessment,

Counselling

, and Support into Health Service Delivery

Training Course for Facility-Based Health Providers

By the end of the session, participants should be able to: Define common nutrition terms

Explain the importance of adequate nutrition for healthDescribe essential nutrients needed by the body and their rolesIdentify food sources of specific nutrients

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Session Objectives

Integrating Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support into Health Service Delivery

3Brainstorm: What do these terms mean to you?NutritionFood

NutrientsMacronutrientsMicronutrientsEnergyBalanced/nutritious

d

iet

Key Nutrition-Related Terms

Integrating Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support into Health Service Delivery

4Nutrition is a process by which food and drink is taken, digested, absorbed,

and used by the body for physical activity, growth, development, and health.Food

is any substance (solid, semi-solid, or liquid) taken into the body to provide one or more nutrients.

Key Nutrition-Related Terms

Integrating Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support into Health Service Delivery

5Nutrients are nourishing substances needed by the body for physical activity, growth, development, and health. They include:

Macronutrients: needed in large quantities and provide energy. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are macronutrients.

Micronutrients:

needed

by the body in very small

amounts. Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients.

Key Nutrition-Related Terms

Integrating Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support into Health Service Delivery

6Energy, measured in kilocalories (kcal), is required for all functions of the body. The body gets energy through consumption of macronutrients.

A balanced or nutritious diet is a combination of foods that provides the energy and nutrients the body needs in the right amounts to maintain health, growth, and development.

Key Nutrition-Related Terms

Integrating Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support into Health Service Delivery

7Why is nutrition important for health?What could happen to someone who has poor nutrition?

Brainstorm

Integrating Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support into Health Service Delivery

8MacronutrientsCarbohydrates

FatsProteinsWater

Micronutrients

Vitamins

Minerals

Essential Nutrients

Integrating Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support into Health Service Delivery

Carbohydrates Starches, fibre, and sugars Found in grains/cereals, roots, starchy fruits and vegetablesMain source of energy

Fuel physical activity and basic body functionsFats (lipids)Found in vegetable oils and animal fats (e.g., butter, lard, ghee)Build body cells, provide energy to fuel muscles, help body to absorb fat-soluble vitaminsSupport brain development of infants and childrenInclude saturated fats and trans fats (solid at room temperature) and u

nsaturated fats (liquid at room temperature)

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Essential Nutrients

Integrating Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support into Health Service Delivery

10ProteinsBody-building foods that are

required for growth and developmentFound in eggs, meat, poultry, fish, beans, lentils, nuts Needed for maintenance and repair of

tissues, production

of metabolic and digestive

enzymes,

and formation of certain hormones and all cells and tissues

Essential Nutrients

Integrating Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support into Health Service Delivery

11VitaminsOrganic compounds that perform specific metabolic functions in the body

Fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, and K)Stored by the body Support development and maintenance of body tissues and their functions. For example:

Vitamin A for the eyes

Vitamin D for the bones

Vitamin K for blood clotting

Vitamin E for protection of cells

Essential Nutrients

Integrating Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support into Health Service Delivery

12Water-soluble vitamins

Not stored in the body and are entirely derived from daily diet Include B-group and C vitamins

Support utilization of macronutrients

Synthesize red blood cells

Essential Nutrients

Integrating Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support into Health Service Delivery

13Minerals Inorganic compounds

that are necessary for normal body functioning. Some key minerals include: Iron, which helps transfer of oxygen to various tissues

Calcium

, a key component of bones and teeth

Iodine,

which supports thyroid function and mental development in childrenZinc, which enhances and strengthens the immune system and helps in wound healing

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Essential Nutrients

Integrating Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support into Health Service Delivery

14WaterAn essential nutrient necessary for body functions including digestion, absorption, and certain metabolic processes. Drinking water should be boiled or treated.

Essential Nutrients

Integrating Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support into Health Service Delivery

15Foods can be categorized into three main groups:‘Go’ foods (energy foods)

‘Grow’ foods (body-building foods)‘Glow’ foods (body-protecting foods)

Food Groups

Integrating Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support into Health Service Delivery

16‘Go’ Foods: Provide energy

CARBOHYDRATES

Whole grains

Refined grains

Roots

Starchy

fruits and vegetables

Millet flour

Sorghum flour

Whole wheat

flour (brown)

Whole maize meal (brown)

Brown rice

Whole wheat

bread

Corn

flakes

White

wheat flour

White maize meal

White rice

White bread

Cassava

Irish potatoes

Sweet

potatoes

Yams

Matooke

Gonja

(plantains)

Squash

Pumpkin

Food Groups

Integrating Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support into Health Service Delivery

OILS (LIQUIDS) ─ UNSATURATED

FATS (SOLIDS) – SATURATED AND TRANS

Plant source:

S

unflower, soybean, corn/maize, cottonseed, canola, sesame, groundnut, olive, safflower, and walnut oils

Animal

source:

Milk fat (ghee), butter, beef fat, chicken fat, pork fat (lard)

Plant source

: Margarine,

kimbo

, cowboy, coconut, palm oil

Excessive consumption

of saturated and trans fats increases risk of heart disease. Replacing with unsaturated fats may reduce risk of heart disease.

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‘Go’

Foods (continued)

Integrating Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support into Health Service Delivery

18Rich in body-building proteins

ANIMAL SOURCE

PLANT SOURCE

Meats:

Beef, lamb, pork, veal, game meat (rabbit, guinea fowl, squirrel)

Organ meats:

Liver, giblets

Poultry:

Chicken, duck, goose, turkey, eggs

Fish:

Silver fish, Nile perch, tilapia, mudfish, oysters, canned fish

Dairy

products:

Milk, cheese, yoghurt, whey

Edible

insects:

Grasshoppers, termites, white ants, crickets, caterpillars

Beans and peas

: Black beans,

soy beans, black-eyed peas, kidney beans, white beans

Processed

soy products

: Curd made from soy

Nuts

and seeds

: Peanuts, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, cashews, peanut butter

‘Grow’ Foods

Integrating Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support into Health Service Delivery

19Rich in protective vitamins and minerals

FRUITS

Commonly eaten fruits:

Bananas, pineapples, papaya (pawpaw), mangoes, guavas, oranges, Jack fruits, tangerines, apples, brother hearts

Wild fruits:

Tamarinds, berries, wild grapefruits Fruit juice:

Passion, orange,

apple, pineapple, melon, grape, grapefruit, hibiscus

‘Glow’ Foods

Integrating Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support into Health Service Delivery

20VEGETABLES

Dark green leafy vegetables: Spinach, Dodo/amarantha, sukuma wiki, cowpea leaves, pumpkin leaves, cassava leaves, fresh cowpea leaves, field pea leaves, immature corn, green pea leaves, yam leaves, sweet potato leaves, broccoli, lettuce, hibiscus leaves (Malakwang)

Red and orange vegetables:

Carrots, pumpkin, red peppers, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, tomato juice, red amarantha, red hibiscus

Other vegetables:

Avocado, beet roots, cabbage, eggplant, cucumbers, cauliflower, green beans, green peppers, mushrooms, okra, onions, bean sprouts, celery

Wild vegetable:

Wild cucumber

Iodized salt is an important ‘glow’ food. Meat, poultry, fish, and whole grains are also important sources of some vitamins and minerals.

‘Glow’ Foods

Integrating Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support into Health Service Delivery

Thank you!Questions, additions, and clarifications?21

Thank you!

Questions, additions,

and clarifications?

Integrating Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support into Health Service Delivery