LEPTOSP I ROSIS By Nabil - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

LEPTOSPIROSIS

By

Nabil

Asyran

Norsyafikah

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

A syndrome of severe multisystem disease presenting as profound jaundice and renal function impairment was described by Weil in Heidelberg in 1886

First visualized in autopsy specimens in a case thought to be Yellow Fever

Simultaneously isolated in Japan and Germany

Many researchers died of the disease

LEPTOSPIROSIS…

An

infectious disease that affects humans and

animals.

Also known as

canicola

fever, hemorrhagic jaundice, mud fever, caver’s flu

It is

caused by pathogenic spiral bacteria that belong to the genus

Leptospira

11,12

The organism enters the body when mucous membranes or

wounded

skin come in contact with contaminated environmental

sources

Tightly coiled thin flexible

One end appears bent forms a hook

Active motile

TRANSMISSION

Rodens

(rats) are the most common host

-

harbour

leptospires

in kidneys

Humans

-direct contact with urine of infected animals

-urine-contaminated surface water, soil and plants-swallowing contaminated food

PATHOGENESIS

Leptospires

peneterate

mucous membrane or abraded skin and multiply rapidly upon entering blood stream(cause fever)

Spread to kidney, liver, spleen, CNS, eyes and genital tract

Initial body responds clears most organs except kidneys(can remain and shed for weeks and months)

Produce hemorrhage and necrosis in the tissue and initiates dysfunction of the organ

SIGN AND SYMPTOMPS

1. The incubation period ranges from 2 to 26 days (approximately 10 days).

2

. Begins with fever, chills,

myalgias

, and headache

.

3

. Dry cough

4. Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, joint pain, bone pain, sore throat and abdominal pain are less common symptoms.

5. Inflammation of the lining of the eye. 6. May experience muscle pain, enlarged spleen or liver, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, muscle rigidity, noise in LUNG or rash

Weil’s syndrome

Severe form of

leptospirosis

that causes

continous

fever, stupor, and reduction in the blood’s ability to clot, which leads to bleeding within tissues.

Blood test reveal

anaemia

By the third to sixth days, sign of kidney damage and liver injury appear

Kidney abnormality may cause blood in the urine and painful urination

Liver injury tends to be mild and usually heals completely

RISK FACTOR

OCCUPATION

-farm

workers, veterinarians, pet shop owners, field agricultural workers,

butcher, plumbers etc

RECREATION ACTIVITY

-canoeing

, hiking, kayaking, fishing, windsurfing, swimming, waterskiing,

tourist

ENVIRONMENT

-rainy season and flood

-temperate and tropical climate

LEPTOSPIROSIS CAN BE A SERIOUS HEALTH PROBLEM

It is an infectious disease with a wide global distribution, has been by and large neglected as a serious health problem till recently.

mimic many other diseases (dengue fever, hepatitis and other

haemorrhagic

disease) so not recognize as presenting feature

leptospirosis

The increasing reports of outbreaks and clusters of cases, particularly from southeast

asia

, has brought attention to the public health problem posed by this

spirocheatal

infection

TREATMENT

Acetaminophen

Doxycycline

Tetracycline

Ciprofloxacin

Fusemide

Injection crystalline

pecilline

for

treting

weils

disease

ampicillin

PREVENTION

Elemination

of carrier

Vaccination of animals

Rodens

control measures

Protective clothing and

footware

for

wooker

Avoid exposure to urine and tissue of animalsAvoid eating uncooked water and drink directly from tap water

SOURCES

http://www.slideshare.net/doctorrao/leptospirosis-5945558

http://www.nathnac.org/pro/factsheets/leptospirosis.htm

http://www.webmedcentral.com/articlefiles/42cd5802f76cbfdcd5ae6a13001a824d.png

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptospirosis

http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/sosial/7026-leptospirosis-penyakit-terbaru-melanda-malaysia.html

http://profhariz.com/penyakit-kencing-tikus-leptospirosis/

http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fpmr.penerangan.gov.my%2Findex.php%2Fsosial%2F7026-leptospirosis-penyakit-terbaru-melanda-malaysia.html&h=wAQGpaFfl

http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/08/29/Another-150-cases-of-leptospirosis-in-two-weeks.aspx