Includes all bones of the upper and lower limbs, plus the bones(shoulder and pelvic - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Includes

all bones of the upper and lower limbs, plus the bones(shoulder and pelvic girdle ) that attach each limb to the axial skeleton .

There are 126 bones in the appendicular skeleton of an adult.

The appendicular skeleton

The appendicular skeleton

A.

The pectoral (

shoulder)girdle consists of two bone Scapula (shoulder

blade

)

flat

and triangle in shape

with the three border and angles, several large fossa named according location .and most notable features (spine,acromion,caracoid process , glenoid cavity

2-

Clavicle

(collarbone) is an S-shaped bone located on the anterior side of the shoulder.

o

1) Humerus (arm): The proximal end is a rounded head that articulates with the

glenoid cavity of the scapula.

o

Anatomical neck

:just distal to the head

o

Surgical neck: is where the tubular shaft begins.Distal and o Capitulum

- around

knob

–like process on the lateral

distal humorus o Trochlea –medial to the capitulum, is spool-shaped projection on the distal humeruns .o Cronoid fossa: anterior depression that receives the coronoid process of the ulna during forearm flexion o Olecranon fossa: posterior depression that receives the coronoid process of the ulna during for arm extension. o Medial and lateral epicondyles :

UPPER LIMBES

Radius

:

is the lateral bone of the forearm . The proximal

end of the radius has a disc-like head that articulates with the

capitulum

of the

humerus

.

The distal end of the radius widens and forms the primary articulation with the proximal carpal bones of the wrist Ulna: is the medial bone of the forearm , The proximal end of the ulna forms the olecranon process which is the point of the elbow.

2

) Forearm

consist tow long bone

3)

Wrists (

Carpals): consist of eight (8) small carpal bones ,allow wrist to bend and twist .o Four proximal carpal bones.(scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum f, pisiform)o Four distal carpal bones.(

trapezium, trapezoid ,

capitate

, hamate

)

4

) Hand o Metacarpal bons :the five long bones of the hand articulate witho Phalanges : 14 total finger bones, Each phalanx has a base ,shaft, and head. Hand

The Pelvic Girdle

: made up two hip bones (

Coxal Bones) Each Coxal bone consist of three fused bones 1)

Ilium: largest of three hip bones consist of a superior

ala

and inferior body which forms the acetabulum (the socket for the head of the femur ),iliac crest ,hip pointer ,great sciatic notch –

allows

passage of sciatic nerve.

2) Ischium: inferior and posterior part of the hip bone . 3) Pubis: inferior and anterior part of the hip bone .o The tow coxal bones are joined anteriorly by the pubic

symphysis

o Posteriorly by sacrum forming the sacroiliac joint

.

a)

Femur (thigh): is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body .o Proximally, the head articulates with acetabulum of the hip bone.o Neck-distal to heado Distally, the medial and lateral condyles articulates with the condyles Tibia forming the knee joint

b)

Patella

: largest

sesamoid

bone in the body

c) Tibia: also called the shinbone ,supports body weight d) Fibula: the smaller, laterally place bone of the leg

e)

Tarsals

: are the seven bones of the ankle, which transmits the weight of the body from the tibia and the fibula to the footf) Metatarsals :are the five bones of the foot, (base,

shaft,

head)

g)

Phalanges

: are the 14 bones of the toes. (big toe is the hallux

)

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