Examples of Privacy The rule of law The secret ballot Doctor patient confidentiality Lawyer client privilege The notion of private property The value of the autonomy of an individual Why is privacy such a contentious issue early in the 21 ID: 728247
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Media and Privacy Issues" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Media and Privacy IssuesSlide2Slide3
Examples of Privacy
The rule of law
The secret ballot
Doctor – patient confidentiality
Lawyer – client privilege
The notion of private property
The value of the autonomy of an individualSlide4
Why is privacy such a contentious issue early in the 21
st
Century
The development of new information and communication technology allow the state and private sectors to collect, record and “mine” personal information
The Canadian Council of Better Business Bureau estimates the total loss to consumers, bank and credit card companies, stores and other businesses to be about $2 billion annually.Slide5
The traffic in human information is immense today. There is almost nothing the commercial and governmental world is not anxious to find out about us as individuals.
Some of the unintended consequences of this traffic…
A Canadian funeral home obtained the names and addresses of people who had contracted cancer, and contacted people on the list about buying a burial plot and pre-paid funeral expenses.
A candy company got a hold of the names of people who had just joined weight-watchers and mailed them all free samples of their chocolate
Part of a Toronto woman’s medical record was printed on the back of real estate flyers which were delivered to hundreds of mailboxes
Participants in a medical research study on sickle cell anemia reported an increase in the difficulty of getting employment and insurance after they gave genetic samples to the researchers.
Phone Busters National Call Center reports more than 8,000 Canadians had their identities stolen in 2006 with total losses to them of more than $16 million. Slide6
“Surveillance enables a type of social sorting where computer codes are used to classify groups of people in ways that tend to reinforce social divisions”.
David Lyon, SociologistSlide7
“A loss of privacy chills the exercise of other human rights, such as freedom of speech or freedom of assembly”.
John Godfrey, ParliamentarianSlide8
“If privacy is going to be able to survive in this technological world, individuals, groups and institutions must be able to determine for themselves, when, how, and to what extent information about them is communicated to others”.
Alan Westin,
Privacy Commission of CanadaSlide9
Personal Privacy Grid
Name Address
Age Sex
Race Occupation
Income S.I.N.
Credit Card # Education
Religion Political Party
Driver’s Licence Years of Employment
Diseases/Disabilities Police Involvement
Conflict with Law Parent’s Names
Marital Status Previous Employers
Sexual OrientationSlide10
Cookies
An electronic text file that is parked on a visitor’s browser; allows for easier recognition on subsequent visits; makes navigating the Web smoother; also a way for businesses to track your movements and build a personal profile of their behaviour, habits and buying patterns.Slide11
Web Bugs
Small transparent graphics that are placed in Web pages and emails; measures the number of hits or records which sections are most visited; can be used to access personal information that visitors submit when they register for an online service or enter a contestSlide12
Spyware
Software on the internet, such as music sharing programs, may come bundled with other software embedded with instructions to gather personal information; builds a profile of Web sites visited and even can collect personal information from forms filled out onlineSlide13
The main concern is that this type of surveillance is usually done without the knowledge or consent of the user.
Many organizations and online businesses have developed privacy policies intended to explain why and how information is collected, used and stored, but many surfers mistakenly believe the presence of a privacy policy ensures the site will not collect their information.
Information: Once it’s out there, you can’t take it backSlide14
Sites like
Neopets
and club penguin capitalize on the fact that children comprise an important marketing demographic. In Canada youth directly control almost $3 billion A year in spending and influence another $30 billion in parental spending.Slide15
Studies conducted by Media Awareness Network found …
80% of young people are alone when they are on the internet
65% of parents think their children use the internet primarily for homework but children answered when asked …
57% messaging (favourite activity)
39% downloading music
43% play games online
10% sending and receiving emailsSlide16
These are all activities where information can be passed along quite readily – if inadvertently
As well, 19% of young respondents said they would give out their names and other information to enter a contest online; 31% would give out their email addresses; and half said they have never read the privacy policy on the Web sites they visit.Slide17
In 2004, the Canadian Marketing Association updated its Code of Ethics, including provisions regarding marketing to children under the age of 13
Not accept orders from children without parental consent
Should use age-appropriate language and imagery in their advertisementsSlide18
Canadian Privacy Legislation
Public Sector
Both Federal and Provincial laws regulate the government’s collection, storage and use of personal information
Canadians can access information collected about them, can challenge the accuracy of the information, and any information gathered can only be used for the purpose it was originally collected
Private Sector
Personal information can only be collected about you if it is…
Gathered with the knowledge and consent of the consumer
Collected for a reasonable purpose
Used only for the reasons it was gathered for
Accurate and up to date
Open for inspection and correction by the consumer
Stored securelySlide19
Access to Information & freedom of the pressSlide20
The
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
states: “Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference, and impart information and ideas through any media regardless of frontiers”.Slide21
Why is media so important in a discussion of freedom of opinion and expression?Slide22
What is Freedom of the Press?
the right to publish newspapers, magazines, and other
printed matter without governmental restriction and
subject only to the laws of libel, obscenity, sedition, etc.
the right to circulate opinions in print without censorship by the government.
the freedom of communication and expression through mediums including various electronic media and published materials.
Freedom of the PressSlide23Slide24Slide25Slide26
Press freedom declined to its
lowest point in 12 years
in 2015, as political, criminal, and terrorist forces sought to co-opt or silence the media in their broader struggle for power.
Only 13 percent of the world’s population enjoys a Free press—that is, where coverage of political news is robust, the safety of journalists is guaranteed, state intrusion in media affairs is minimal, and the press is not subject to onerous legal or economic pressures.
Forty-one percent of the world’s population has a Partly Free press, and
46 percent
live in
Not Free
media environments.
Among the countries that suffered the largest declines in 2015 were Bangladesh, Turkey, Burundi, France, Serbia, Yemen, Egypt, Macedonia, and Zimbabwe.Slide27Slide28
What would Canada be like if all newspapers and newscasts were filled with government press releases and the government was never criticized?
Why is freedom of the press important?
What can inhibit the freedom of the press?
Why must freedom of the press be used with responsibility?Slide29
Why is a free press important to a democratic society?
A Free Press allows for the general public to formulate their own reactions to news as it happens, not as the government says it happens.
Example:
With Free Press: The value of the CAD has dropped 1.4% against the USD.
Without FP: The economy of Canada is collapsing as their currency becomes useless.
Without a Free Press, no one is able to form their own opinions as all facts are blurred by assertions and political bias that glorifies the country while demeaning its enemies.Slide30
"A free press can of course be good or bad, but most certainly without freedom it will never be anything but bad."
-Albert CamusSlide31
Press Freedom Index
Finland
Norway
Estonia / Netherlands
Austria
Iceland / Luxembourg
Switzerland
9. Cape Verde
10. Canada
179. North Korea