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Wood Smoke Pollution Reduction Strategies (WSPRS) Wood Smoke Pollution Reduction Strategies (WSPRS)

Wood Smoke Pollution Reduction Strategies (WSPRS) - PowerPoint Presentation

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Wood Smoke Pollution Reduction Strategies (WSPRS) - PPT Presentation

FRAMEWORK Recommendations Understanding amp Reducing Residential Wood Combustion Emissions December 1 2016 Background April 2015 meeting 30 Air Directors met and developed recommendations to guide ID: 623593

cordwood wood nsps 000 wood cordwood 000 nsps appliances efficiency step emissions pellet program mmbtu gas heating heat stove

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Slide1

Wood Smoke Pollution Reduction Strategies (WSPRS)FRAMEWORKRecommendations

Understanding & Reducing Residential Wood Combustion Emissions: December 1, 2016Slide2

BackgroundApril 2015 meeting – 30+ Air Directors met and developed recommendations to guide Workgroup formed in 2016 to discuss programs and identify best practicesEPA regional and federal offices24 state and local agencies3 MJOsSlide3

Nationally Residential Wood SmokeAccounts for:

20%

of total stationary and mobile

polycyclic organic matter emissions

50%

of all area source air toxic cancer risks

Fine particle pollution (PM

2.5

)

6% (382,000 tons) of total PM

2.5

direct

emissions

Residential wood combustion emits 5 times more PM emissions than all of these combined:

US petroleum refineries

Cement manufactures

Pulp and paper plantsSlide4

4

PM2.5 Emissions by Key Source

Types in New York

Wood: heats

1.2

% NY homes primary heat &~453,000 stoves

Natural

gas: heats 51.7% NY homes (>

3.6million) Home heating oil: heats 33.1% of NY homes (>2.3 million)Slide5

Framework2015 NSPS creates opportunities to address the existing inventory and build markets for cleaner appliances Inventory of high emitting devices needs to be reduced

Current programs are not sustained or coordinated

National program with sustained funding is needed

National program will only be effective if structured to incentivize the most effective strategies

Wood Smoke Pollution Reduction Strategies (WSPRS) framework could serve as a guide

with the recognition that agencies

will need to tailor programs to reflect air quality and energy

mixSlide6

Guiding ParametersFocus on removing the highest emitting units.Promote installation of the least polluting devices

encourage

early adoption of cleanest and most efficient new technologies

Incorporate fuel neutral components

Ensure technologies get anticipated reductions

Provide flexibility to include a range of

approaches

Require use of best practices

Require use of best test methods and give preferential treatment (e.g., higher cash incentives) to devices tested with methods that best replicate real world emissions

Use sliding scale incentives to encourage purchase of high efficiency, low emission appliances. Ensure program supports participation of income qualified householdsThe agency sponsoring the program should be aware that they are committing to a resource intensive activity in terms of administrative supportSlide7

Bounty ProgramsRecognition that bounty programs are under utilized to reduce old inventoryTypical programs are round up that allow units to be dropped off or picked upPrograms could purchase from local sources

Craig’s list

Ebay

Types of Eligible units

Stoves

Central heaters

Prioritize

removal of uncertified and exempt appliances, however, if funds allow, extend to any solid fueled appliance including coal unitsSlide8

Universe of Devices to Change-outReplacing cordwood or pellet wood appliances with a new demonstrably cleaner cordwood or pellet applianceTarget removal of uncertified appliancesTarget removal of exempt appliancesReplacing cordwood hydronic heaters or stoves with certified pellet-fired appliances

Any NSPS certified appliance that doesn’t meet Step 1 standards or has proof (via permanent label or bill or sale) that the appliance is more than 15 years old

Wood to non-wood change-out (non-wood appliance such as oil-, gas-, propane- fired heating system or air-sourced heat pump or ground-sourced heat pump)

Prioritize removal of uncertified and exempt wood appliances, however, if funds allow, extend to any solid fueled appliance including coal units.

Fireplaces

Prioritize removal of uncertified and exempt appliances, however, if funds allow, extend to any solid fueled appliance including coal units.

Slide9

Change-outs: Key ComponentsFor the unit changed outValidated destruction of removed deviceFor the new technologyTechnologyInstallation

OperationSlide10

DestructionPermanently render inoperable drill holes into body of deviceDocument destruction PhotoRecycler receipts

AffidavitSlide11

Change-out TechnologiesAir/ground source heat pumpsElectric appliancesGas appliancesSolar thermal Wood

Pellet appliances with appropriate test methods

Cordwood

appliances in limited instances with lower incentivesSlide12

InstallationNO DIY installationCertified installerWood StovesNFIState Central Heating

NY certification programSlide13

OperationOperator education/trainingValidate user trainingFuel storagePellets – outside storageCordwood – split, stacked and covered storage

Follow up service maintenance programs

- service packsSlide14

Low Income ProgramsIncentives increased to cover 90% to 100% of total project costs Incentive for Tier 1 (highest efficiency, lowest emissions) units onlyFollow federal program guidelines, such as DOE’s low income home energy assistance program, WIC, and Medicaid, for qualification in the programSlide15

Recommended Incentives Space Heating

Device type

Performance level

Incentive guidelines

Bounty program – resale illegal

Higher levels for drop off versus pick up

$350/$200

Bounty program* – resale legal

Higher levels for drop off versus pick up

$500/$350

Ductless air

source heat

pumps

EnergyStar

or local utilities efficiency/rebate guidelines

$2,000

Stove

to renewable or liquid central heating

$2,000

Nat Gas/Propane Stoves

-

Canadian P4FE rating of >70%, direct vent, intermittent pilot

$1,500

Pellet stoves Tier 1

-Emissions <2.0 grams per hour

-Efficiency >75% based on stack loss method -need to specify acceptable test methods for program inclusion

$1,200

Pellet stoves/insert Tier 2

-Emissions <3.25 grams per hour

-Efficiency >70% based on stack loss method over all burn categories

$750

Cordwood stoves Tier 1

-Emissions <2.0 grams per hour using approved cordwood test – not currently available

-Efficiency >75% based on stack loss method

-service plan

$750

Cordwood stoves Tier 2

-Emissions <3.25 grams per hour using approved cordwood test – not currently available

-Efficiency >70% based on stack loss method -service plan

$350Slide16

Recommended Incentives Fireplaces

Device type

Performance level

Incentive guidelines

Electric fireplace insert

$100

EPA Qualified Fireplace Retrofit

EPA Qualified

$100

Nat Gas/Propane log set

Direct vent, intermittent

pilot

$100

Nat Gas/Propane insert

Canadian P4FE rating of >70%

Direct vent

Intermittent pilot

$600

Cordwood insert

Step

2 levels

Validation wood use >5 cords per

yr

$300Slide17

Recommended Incentives Central Heating

Device type

Performance level

Incentive guidelines

Bounty*

Any solid fuel device

$1,500

Ground source heat pumps

Utility efficiency/rebate

guidelines

$

10,000

Ducted

a

ir

source heat

pump

Utility efficiency/rebate

guidelines

$5,000

Nat Gas/Propane central heat

-AFUE >85%

$4,000

Wood central heating

-0.10

lb

/MMBtu for automated units testing with EPA

M28HH

– requires that testing be conducted in all burn

categories

-0.20 for units testing with EPA M28 PTS with results in burn categories 1 and 4

-delivered

efficiency including jacket losses >80%

-Manual J sizing

$3,000

automated systems

 

$1,500

manual

systems

 Slide18

Project Supported BySlide19

Stove Data

Heating Technology

Installed Costs

Annual O&M Cost

NOx

lb

/

mmBtu

CO

lb

/

mmBtu

PM

lb

/

mmBtu

Efficiency

Uncertified Wood Stove

NA

$94

0.2

16.48

2.19

50%

NSPS

Tier

1

Cordwood Stove

$4,031

$47

0.143

10.057

1.4

70%

NSPS

Tier 2

Cordwood Stove

$4,231

$47

0.170

1.443

0.050

75%

NSPS Step 1 Pellet Stove

$4,121

$47

0.890

2.542

0.270

70%

NSPS Step 2 Pellet Stove

$4,121

$47

0.136

1.390

0.058

75%

Natural/Propane Gas Stove

$2,690

$0

 

 

0.000005

80%

Heat Pump (Stove Replacement)

$4,500

$0

Varies

Varies

 

Varies

 

293%Slide20

Boiler Data

 

 

 

NOx

lb

/

mmBtu

CO

lb

/

mmBtu

PM

lb

/

mmBtu

Efficiency

Uncertified OWB

$0

$500

0.064

104.000

13.500

28%

NSPS Step 1 Cordwood OWB

$15,984

$500

0.132

16.600

0.393

39%

NSPS Step 2 Cordwood OWB

$20,000

$299

0.171

3.750

0.163

56%

NSPS Step 2 Cordwood Boiler

w/

TS

$24,000

$346

0.171

3.750

0.143

85%

NSPS Step 1 Wood pellet boiler

$22,000

$315

0.170

1.390

0.037

65%

NSPS Step 2 Wood pellet boiler

$22,000

$315

0.170

0.030

0.023

73%

NSPS Step 2 Wood

pellet

b

oiler w/TS

$24,000

$362

0.170

0.030

0.021

85%

Natural Gas Boiler

$8,000

$75

0.170

0.05000

0.000038

75%

Propane Boiler

$8,000

$75

0.170

0.05000

0.000038

75%

Fuel Oil Boiler

$8,000

$131

0.00005

0.036

0.00005

80%Slide21

Furnace Data

Heating Technology

Capital

Annual O&M Cost

NOx

lb

/

mmBtu

CO

lb

/

mmBtu

PM

lb

/

mmBtu

Efficiency

Uncertified Wood Furnace

$0

$150

0.064

8.486

1.472

28%

NSPS Step 1 Cordwood Furnace

$6,299

$150

0.171

3.214

0.571

39%

NSPS Step 2 Cordwood Furnace

$6,599

$150

0.171

0.404

0.071

56%

Natural Gas Furnace

$5,864

$75

0.092

0.039

0.002

75%

Propane Furnace

$5,864

$75

0.158

0.022

0.011

75%

Fuel Oil Furnace

$5,677

$150

0.145

0.036

0.003

69%