FRAMEWORK Recommendations Understanding amp Reducing Residential Wood Combustion Emissions December 1 2016 Background April 2015 meeting 30 Air Directors met and developed recommendations to guide ID: 623593
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Wood Smoke Pollution Reduction Strategies (WSPRS)FRAMEWORKRecommendations
Understanding & Reducing Residential Wood Combustion Emissions: December 1, 2016Slide2
BackgroundApril 2015 meeting – 30+ Air Directors met and developed recommendations to guide Workgroup formed in 2016 to discuss programs and identify best practicesEPA regional and federal offices24 state and local agencies3 MJOsSlide3
Nationally Residential Wood SmokeAccounts for:
20%
of total stationary and mobile
polycyclic organic matter emissions
50%
of all area source air toxic cancer risks
Fine particle pollution (PM
2.5
)
6% (382,000 tons) of total PM
2.5
direct
emissions
Residential wood combustion emits 5 times more PM emissions than all of these combined:
US petroleum refineries
Cement manufactures
Pulp and paper plantsSlide4
4
PM2.5 Emissions by Key Source
Types in New York
Wood: heats
1.2
% NY homes primary heat &~453,000 stoves
Natural
gas: heats 51.7% NY homes (>
3.6million) Home heating oil: heats 33.1% of NY homes (>2.3 million)Slide5
Framework2015 NSPS creates opportunities to address the existing inventory and build markets for cleaner appliances Inventory of high emitting devices needs to be reduced
Current programs are not sustained or coordinated
National program with sustained funding is needed
National program will only be effective if structured to incentivize the most effective strategies
Wood Smoke Pollution Reduction Strategies (WSPRS) framework could serve as a guide
with the recognition that agencies
will need to tailor programs to reflect air quality and energy
mixSlide6
Guiding ParametersFocus on removing the highest emitting units.Promote installation of the least polluting devices
encourage
early adoption of cleanest and most efficient new technologies
Incorporate fuel neutral components
Ensure technologies get anticipated reductions
Provide flexibility to include a range of
approaches
Require use of best practices
Require use of best test methods and give preferential treatment (e.g., higher cash incentives) to devices tested with methods that best replicate real world emissions
Use sliding scale incentives to encourage purchase of high efficiency, low emission appliances. Ensure program supports participation of income qualified householdsThe agency sponsoring the program should be aware that they are committing to a resource intensive activity in terms of administrative supportSlide7
Bounty ProgramsRecognition that bounty programs are under utilized to reduce old inventoryTypical programs are round up that allow units to be dropped off or picked upPrograms could purchase from local sources
Craig’s list
Ebay
Types of Eligible units
Stoves
Central heaters
Prioritize
removal of uncertified and exempt appliances, however, if funds allow, extend to any solid fueled appliance including coal unitsSlide8
Universe of Devices to Change-outReplacing cordwood or pellet wood appliances with a new demonstrably cleaner cordwood or pellet applianceTarget removal of uncertified appliancesTarget removal of exempt appliancesReplacing cordwood hydronic heaters or stoves with certified pellet-fired appliances
Any NSPS certified appliance that doesn’t meet Step 1 standards or has proof (via permanent label or bill or sale) that the appliance is more than 15 years old
Wood to non-wood change-out (non-wood appliance such as oil-, gas-, propane- fired heating system or air-sourced heat pump or ground-sourced heat pump)
Prioritize removal of uncertified and exempt wood appliances, however, if funds allow, extend to any solid fueled appliance including coal units.
Fireplaces
Prioritize removal of uncertified and exempt appliances, however, if funds allow, extend to any solid fueled appliance including coal units.
Slide9
Change-outs: Key ComponentsFor the unit changed outValidated destruction of removed deviceFor the new technologyTechnologyInstallation
OperationSlide10
DestructionPermanently render inoperable drill holes into body of deviceDocument destruction PhotoRecycler receipts
AffidavitSlide11
Change-out TechnologiesAir/ground source heat pumpsElectric appliancesGas appliancesSolar thermal Wood
Pellet appliances with appropriate test methods
Cordwood
appliances in limited instances with lower incentivesSlide12
InstallationNO DIY installationCertified installerWood StovesNFIState Central Heating
NY certification programSlide13
OperationOperator education/trainingValidate user trainingFuel storagePellets – outside storageCordwood – split, stacked and covered storage
Follow up service maintenance programs
- service packsSlide14
Low Income ProgramsIncentives increased to cover 90% to 100% of total project costs Incentive for Tier 1 (highest efficiency, lowest emissions) units onlyFollow federal program guidelines, such as DOE’s low income home energy assistance program, WIC, and Medicaid, for qualification in the programSlide15
Recommended Incentives Space Heating
Device type
Performance level
Incentive guidelines
Bounty program – resale illegal
Higher levels for drop off versus pick up
$350/$200
Bounty program* – resale legal
Higher levels for drop off versus pick up
$500/$350
Ductless air
source heat
pumps
EnergyStar
or local utilities efficiency/rebate guidelines
$2,000
Stove
to renewable or liquid central heating
$2,000
Nat Gas/Propane Stoves
-
Canadian P4FE rating of >70%, direct vent, intermittent pilot
$1,500
Pellet stoves Tier 1
-Emissions <2.0 grams per hour
-Efficiency >75% based on stack loss method -need to specify acceptable test methods for program inclusion
$1,200
Pellet stoves/insert Tier 2
-Emissions <3.25 grams per hour
-Efficiency >70% based on stack loss method over all burn categories
$750
Cordwood stoves Tier 1
-Emissions <2.0 grams per hour using approved cordwood test – not currently available
-Efficiency >75% based on stack loss method
-service plan
$750
Cordwood stoves Tier 2
-Emissions <3.25 grams per hour using approved cordwood test – not currently available
-Efficiency >70% based on stack loss method -service plan
$350Slide16
Recommended Incentives Fireplaces
Device type
Performance level
Incentive guidelines
Electric fireplace insert
$100
EPA Qualified Fireplace Retrofit
EPA Qualified
$100
Nat Gas/Propane log set
Direct vent, intermittent
pilot
$100
Nat Gas/Propane insert
Canadian P4FE rating of >70%
Direct vent
Intermittent pilot
$600
Cordwood insert
Step
2 levels
Validation wood use >5 cords per
yr
$300Slide17
Recommended Incentives Central Heating
Device type
Performance level
Incentive guidelines
Bounty*
Any solid fuel device
$1,500
Ground source heat pumps
Utility efficiency/rebate
guidelines
$
10,000
Ducted
a
ir
source heat
pump
Utility efficiency/rebate
guidelines
$5,000
Nat Gas/Propane central heat
-AFUE >85%
$4,000
Wood central heating
-0.10
lb
/MMBtu for automated units testing with EPA
M28HH
– requires that testing be conducted in all burn
categories
-0.20 for units testing with EPA M28 PTS with results in burn categories 1 and 4
-delivered
efficiency including jacket losses >80%
-Manual J sizing
$3,000
automated systems
$1,500
manual
systems
Slide18
Project Supported BySlide19
Stove Data
Heating Technology
Installed Costs
Annual O&M Cost
NOx
lb
/
mmBtu
CO
lb
/
mmBtu
PM
lb
/
mmBtu
Efficiency
Uncertified Wood Stove
NA
$94
0.2
16.48
2.19
50%
NSPS
Tier
1
Cordwood Stove
$4,031
$47
0.143
10.057
1.4
70%
NSPS
Tier 2
Cordwood Stove
$4,231
$47
0.170
1.443
0.050
75%
NSPS Step 1 Pellet Stove
$4,121
$47
0.890
2.542
0.270
70%
NSPS Step 2 Pellet Stove
$4,121
$47
0.136
1.390
0.058
75%
Natural/Propane Gas Stove
$2,690
$0
0.000005
80%
Heat Pump (Stove Replacement)
$4,500
$0
Varies
Varies
Varies
293%Slide20
Boiler Data
NOx
lb
/
mmBtu
CO
lb
/
mmBtu
PM
lb
/
mmBtu
Efficiency
Uncertified OWB
$0
$500
0.064
104.000
13.500
28%
NSPS Step 1 Cordwood OWB
$15,984
$500
0.132
16.600
0.393
39%
NSPS Step 2 Cordwood OWB
$20,000
$299
0.171
3.750
0.163
56%
NSPS Step 2 Cordwood Boiler
w/
TS
$24,000
$346
0.171
3.750
0.143
85%
NSPS Step 1 Wood pellet boiler
$22,000
$315
0.170
1.390
0.037
65%
NSPS Step 2 Wood pellet boiler
$22,000
$315
0.170
0.030
0.023
73%
NSPS Step 2 Wood
pellet
b
oiler w/TS
$24,000
$362
0.170
0.030
0.021
85%
Natural Gas Boiler
$8,000
$75
0.170
0.05000
0.000038
75%
Propane Boiler
$8,000
$75
0.170
0.05000
0.000038
75%
Fuel Oil Boiler
$8,000
$131
0.00005
0.036
0.00005
80%Slide21
Furnace Data
Heating Technology
Capital
Annual O&M Cost
NOx
lb
/
mmBtu
CO
lb
/
mmBtu
PM
lb
/
mmBtu
Efficiency
Uncertified Wood Furnace
$0
$150
0.064
8.486
1.472
28%
NSPS Step 1 Cordwood Furnace
$6,299
$150
0.171
3.214
0.571
39%
NSPS Step 2 Cordwood Furnace
$6,599
$150
0.171
0.404
0.071
56%
Natural Gas Furnace
$5,864
$75
0.092
0.039
0.002
75%
Propane Furnace
$5,864
$75
0.158
0.022
0.011
75%
Fuel Oil Furnace
$5,677
$150
0.145
0.036
0.003
69%