Computer Hardware The insides and outsides of my computer. - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Computer Hardware

The insides and outsides of my computer.Slide2

Hardware vs. Software

Hardware

Physical components

Input/Output

devicesInternal components

Software

The

programs or instructions that tell the computer what to do

Operating systems

Applications

Programs Slide3

Operating System

Windows

XP, Vista, 7, 8.1, 10

Server 2003, 2008, 2012

Mac OS XUnixLinux – Red Hat,

Debian

, Ubuntu,

etcSlide4

Application Software

Microsoft Office Suite

Word, PowerPoint, Excel, Access, Outlook, Publisher

Computer Games

Pinball, Solitaire, Free Cell

Internet BrowsersInternet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, Safari

Picture editing software

Paint,

Paint 3D, PhotoshopSlide5

Form Factor

Desktop

Laptop

Netbook

TabletSlide6

Input/Output

DevicesSlide7

Input Devices

Mouse

Keyboard/Keypad

Game Controller

WebcamMicrophoneTouchscreenScannerSlide8

Output Devices

Monitor

Printer

Touchscreen

ProjectorSpeakersHeadphonesSlide9
Slide10

Now let’s go inside…Slide11

The Tower

The

tower

is the enclosure that contains the main components of a computer. Slide12
Slide13

Inside the Computer

Motherboard

(main board) – Large printed circuit board with thousands of electrical circuits.

Power supply

– Transforms alternating current (AC) from wall outlets to direct current (DC) needed by the computer.

Cooling fans

– Circulates air in the system unit to keep it cool

Internal speaker

– Found on the motherboard and used by the operating system for diagnostics and error reporting—the beeps and other mono-tones. Not responsible for playing music, etc.

Central Processing Unit

- A microprocessor that interprets and carries out instructions given by software. It controls the computer’s components. It is covered by the

heat sink

, which serves to keep it cool.

Storage

– Hard drive, RAM, and secondary storage.

Graphics and Sound Cards – Expansion cards placed in ports on the motherboard to improve graphic and audio output.Slide14

The Motherboard

The

motherboard

provides the centralized connection point for the computer’s components

Electrical traces (wires) on the motherboard connect

to

the chips.

Sockets allow chips or circuit boards to be added or devices to be connected to the motherboard.Slide15

Graphics Card

Also known as a video card

An

 expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a displaySlide16

Power Supply and Cooling Fan

The

power supply

is used to give power to all the hardware components on your computer system.

The computer takes energy from your home electrical system and converts 110 to 120 bolts AC power to lower DC voltages. The power supply contains one of the

cooling fans that keep the inside of the computer case cool. Slide17

The Central Processing Unit:

The Microprocessor

CPU

CPU socket

Central processing unit

(

CPU

) – A microprocessor that interprets and carries out instructions given by software. It controls the computer’s components.Slide18

Memory

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Memory

is the term used to describe devices that enable the computer to retain information. Program instructions and data are stored in memory chips for quick access by the CPU.

Read

-Only Memory (ROM)

Flash Memory

Blue Ray and commercial music CD

Hard DriveSlide19

Hard Drive

The

Hard Drive

is the main storage component on your computer that holds your data files.

Typically holds LARGE amounts of information—250 GB to 3+ TB.

These files include the data used to start your operating system. A hard drive consists of round platters made of aluminum, ceramic or glass.

The platters are coated with an alloy material which read/writes record information on magnetically

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Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Most often associated with the Hard Drive.

ROM is defined as

– A computer memory that does not need to be changed, such as permanent parts of the operating system.

–Dictionary of Computer and Internet Terms (ninth edition) by Douglas Downing, Ph.D. When

you turn on the computer it loads up from

read-only memory

(ROM).

Compact Disk Read-Only Memory

-

CD-ROM

An optical disk containing computer data (like an audio compact disk).

CD-ROM

s can only be read not recorded on. -Dictionary of Computer and Internet Terms (ninth edition) by Douglas Downing, Ph.D.Slide21

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Random Access Memory (RAM)

is a type of memory that stores information temporarily so that it’s available to the CPU. Typically, RAM will be measured as 2-12 GB.

The more programs open, the slower the computer runs because more RAM is being used and less is available.

RAM is volatile; the memory’s contents are erased when the power is turned off.

Laptops in standby mode keep power to the RAM so the laptop can wakeup and be ready to go without having to boot and load the operating system.Slide22

Random Access Memory (RAM)

The computer loads the

operating system

(OS) from the hard drive into the system's

random access memory

(RAM). Generally, the critical parts of the operating system are maintained in RAM as long as the computer is on. This allows the CPU to have immediate access to the operating system, which enhances the performance and functionality of the overall system

When you open an

application

, it is loaded into RAM. To conserve RAM usage, many applications load only the essential parts of the program initially and then load other pieces as needed.

When you

save

a file and

close

the application, the file is written to the specified storage device, and then it and the application are purged (deleted) from RAM.Slide23

https://

youtu.be/4eNTlwnnhssSlide24

ROM

RAM

How ROM and RAM work…

CPUSlide25

Comparison

chart

Random Access Memory

Random

Access Memory or RAM is a form of data storage that can be accessed randomly at any time, in any order and from any physical location., allowing quick access and

manipulationRAM allows the computer to read data

 quickly to run applications. It allows reading and writing

.

RAM is volatile i.e. its contents are lost when the device is powered off

.

The two main types of RAM are static RAM and dynamic RAM.

Read-only memory

Read-only

memory or ROM is also a form of data storage that can not be easily altered or reprogrammed

. Stores instructions that are not necessary for re-booting up to make the computer operate when it is switched off. They are hardwired.

ROM stores the program required to initially boot the computer. It only allows reading.It is non-volatile i.e. its contents are retained even when the device is powered off.Slide26

Secondary Storage

Hard Drive (external/internal)

Writable CD-ROMs and DVDs

Flash memory

“Cloud” DrivesSlide27

Need for Secondary Storage Devices

Primary memory is

volatile

memory

– lose electrical power and this memory loses its contents.

Secondary storage

stores data on permanent media that maintain their accuracy and integrity, yet permit access.Slide28

Secondary Storage Devices

Which of these devices is capable of storing the most data?

CD-ROM disk

DVD disk

USB (flash memory) drive

External hard driveSlide29

Secondary Storage Devices

d.

External Hard Drive

holds the most data.Slide30

Storage SpeedSlide31

Types of ComputersSlide32

https://

youtu.be/ceqBD3TChegSlide33

The

Personal Computer

The personal computer (PC) defines a computer designed for general use by a single person. While a

Mac

is a PC, most people relate the term with systems that run the Windows operating system.Slide34

The Desktop

A PC that is not designed for portability is a desktop computer. Most desktops offer more power, storage and versatility for less cost than their portable brethren.Slide35

The Laptop

Also called

notebooks

, laptops are portable computers that integrate the display, keyboard, a pointing device or trackball, processor, memory and hard drive all in a battery-operated package slightly larger than an average hardcover book.Slide36

The Netbook

Netbooks are ultra-portable computers that are even smaller than traditional laptops. Costs usually between $300-$500 but are less powerful than regular laptopsSlide37

Personal Device Assistant (PDA)

A

tightly integrated computers that often use 

flash memory

 instead of a hard drive for storage. These computers usually do not have keyboards but rely on touchscreen technology for user

input.PDAs are typically smaller than a paperback novel, very lightweight with a reasonable battery life.

A

slightly larger and heavier version of the PDA is the handheld computer.Slide38

Workstation

Another type of computer is a workstation.

A

workstation is simply a desktop computer that has a more powerful processor, additional memory and enhanced capabilities for performing a special group of task, such as 

3D Graphics

 or game development.Slide39

The Server

A computer that has been optimized to provide services to other computers over

a

network.

Servers usually have powerful processors, lots of memory and large hard drives.Slide40

The Enterprise Server

AKA Mainframe

In the early days of computing, mainframes were huge computers that could fill an entire room or even a whole floor! The size has diminished but the power has increased. The term mainframe has fallen out of use in favor of

enterprise server

.Slide41

The Super Computer

This type of computer usually costs hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars. Although some supercomputers are single computer systems, most are composed of multiple high performance computers working in parallel as a single system.Slide42

The Wearable Computer

The latest trend in computing is wearable computers. Essentially, common computer applications (e-mail, database, multimedia, calendar/scheduler) are integrated into watches, cell phones, visors and even clothing.Slide43

Future Technology

https://

youtu.be/MiowXhyZTtg

https://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=vbNHCn2gHQ4

https://youtu.be/bhPCvwHnk_QSlide44

Cleaning your Computer

https://

youtu.be/5K02P5I8BsESlide45

How to Take Care of

Y

our ComputerSlide46

Heat: Computers KryptoniteSlide47

Small Things Count

One important thing to do is turn off your computer when you don't plan on using it for at least a few hours

.

The longer you have it on, the more strain you are putting on your computer's hardware. Run Disk Defragmenter every month or so.It is not necessary to run Disk Defragmenter if you have a solid state drive

.To increase your login speed, get rid of some desktop icons! Slide48

Proper shutdown, power outages, and power

surgesSlide49

Questions?