in Cotton Mechanization Gautam Majumdar Scientist K R Kranthi Director Planting Seed spacing is regulated either by changing the peripheral velocity or changing the number of hole on the metering disc ID: 535161
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Slide1
New Developments in Cotton Mechanization
Gautam Majumdar, Scientist
K. R.
Kranthi
,
DirectorSlide2
Planting
Seed spacing is regulated either by changing the peripheral velocity, or changing the number of hole on the metering disc, 3 discs 16, 20 and 24 no of holes were designed and madeSeed singulating
mechanism
Designed based on the optimized nipple parameters. The
singulator
was made with a sensitivity to disturb the probable double or multiple seed picked by the nipples.
Precision Planter
plant to plant spacing
45.67±0.08cm
Multiple seeds (%)
2.7
One seed (%)
96
Missed hill (%)
1.3 Slide3
Zero till planter is operated in the field when the soil moisture is about 24-27 % and stubble height of previous harvested crop not more than 15-20 cm Eliminates seed bed preparation as a separate operation or combines it with planting operation
Zero Till Planter for cotton
Planting
Power (hp
)
45
Metering Seed
Inclined plate
Fertilizer
metering
Gear roller type
Furrow opener
Inverted ‘T’ type
Cost,
Rs60000/-
Particulars
Planter
Conv.
Cost of operation Rs/hr
366
390
Cost of operation Rs/ha
508
650
Saving in cost
over traditional
method %
21.85
_
Saving in time
over traditional
method %
16.77
_Slide4
Advantages of vertical rotor metering mechanism : reduced seed damage and uniform seed placement
Vertical Rotor Precision Planter
Planting
plant to plant spacing (cm)
60±5
Depth of placement (cm)
6
Germination (%)84
Field capacity h/ha
4.5
Patent Filed
Published
Pat. No.1559/MUM/2009
Commercialised
Cost Rs 10,000Slide5
Happy seeder machine is used for direct sowing of wheat in combine harvested paddy fields in standing stubble conditions. An inclined plate planter attachment for planting cotton using happy seeder in wheat residue was developed. This mechanism was attached with happy seeder for sowing cotton in standing stubble conditions.
Inclined Plate Planter
Planting
Tractor
35-45
hp
No. of rows
Adjustable, 6 maximum
Row spacing, mm
300 - 950 (adjustable)
Field
capacity, ha/h
0.38
Particulars
Inclined Plate Planter
Happy Seeder
Depth of seed placement, mm
45-60
35-90
No of seedlings in 5 m length
25.50
24.25
No of missing hills
2.75
4.25
Percentage of singles
85.92
83.26
Percentage of doubles
7.04
8.37
Yield, q/ha
16.75
13.90
Cost saving, %
46.20
52.40Slide6
Speed of operation,
km/h
2.50 - 3.0
Field capacity, ha/hr
1.7-2.0
Effective swath width, m
8.8
Plant damage
Negligible
Tank filling time, min
27
Fuel consumption, l/h
3.5
For uniform and accurate application and deposition of pesticide and fungicide
400 liter capacity tank, 18 atomizer, centrifugal blower and hydraulic pump.
Atomizers release the pesticide solution into stream of air blast produced by the centrifugal blower. The air blast distributes the chemical in the form of very fine particles throughout its swath width behind the tractor
Air Sleeve Boom Sprayer
Spraying
Under side of the leaves at any position on plant received effective number of drops when air-assistance was provided with the
sprayer.Slide7
Enhanced coverage of cotton plant with spray droplets
VMD was 248 mm and 261 mm at forward speed of 2.5 km/h and 4.0 km/h respectively
found to be 89.3% efficient with a fuel consumption of 3.5 l/h and effective field capacity of 1.34 ha/h.
Tractor operated air assisted sprayer in operationSlide8
Patent filed
PublishedPat. No. 1560/ MUM/2009
Commercialisation
Under Process
Cost : Rs 7000/-
Solar Powered Knapsack Sprayer
Spraying
Particulars
Solar operated sprayer
LOK sprayer
Dimensions, L x W x H
28 x 24 x 50
37 x 17 x 44
Tank, L x W x H
35 x 19 x 20
37 x 17 x 30
Tank capacity
ltrs
.
16
16
Field capacity hrs/ha
4
6
Weight, kg
9.0
6
Swath, cm
90
70
System pressure kg/ cm
2
3.0
2.5-3
No. of sprays in one stroke
20-Refilling time, min5 m5 mSlide9
Wick Applicator is used to control weeds between the rows.
The systematic weedicides
which touch the surface of plants, kill the entire plant.
Spraying such chemicals has the risk of killing nearby cotton plants by drift of the
weedicides
.
wick applicator only brushes over the surface of the weeds and eliminates the risk of contaminating the cotton plants.
Wick Applicator
Weed Management
Overall dimensions
36x20x60 cm
Tank capacity
10 lit.
Brush width
24 cm
Length of
handle
40 cm
No. of
orifices
12
Application rate
110-500 l/ha
Field capacity
11 hrs/ha
Cost of implements, Rs
1500/-Slide10
Whitefly Suction Trap
ICAR-CICR
The trap is power operated, shoulder mounted, portable, adjustable and sucks the whitefly adults available on the underside of the cotton leaves without any harm either to natural enemies or the crop. Slide11
TNAU-Varun
power weeder (TNAU, Coimbatore)
Overall view of TNAU-
Varun
power
weeder
Weeding tool of TNAU-
Varun
power
weeder
Particulars
Technical specifications
Rated output, hp
10.0
Displacement
401cc, 3600mm
Weight, kg
325
Air cleaner
Oil bath
Fuel tank capacity
6.0
Starting method
Rope start
Clutch
Friction type, conical clutch
Speed
First gear – 100 rpm
Power transmission system
Gear box and belt and pulley
Rotary type
Central drive
Number of rotary tynes
36
Ground clearance ,mm
80Width of rotary tiller, mm550Specifications of TNAU-Varun power weederSpecifications of TNAU-Varun power weederSpecification of TNAU-Varun power weederSpecifications of TNAU-Varun power weederSpecifications of TNAU-Varun power weederSpecifications of TNAU-Varun power weeder
Specifications of TNAU-Varun power weederSlide12
Self Propelled Precision Inter Row Cultivator (PDKV, Akola)Slide13
Rotary spading machine for inter cultivation in cotton (TNAU, Coimbatore)
Alternative to till where other tillage techniques cannot be adopted. Tractor operated rotary spading machine for rice fallow cotton
Used in cotton raised in flat beds at a spacing of 60cm to 1m. Resulted in 26.20 to and 97.9 per cent saving in cost and time respectively over manualSlide14
Small Cotton Harvester with Pre-cleaner attachment (ICAR-CICR, Nagpur)
Header
unit - combs
and
cross
auger
Chain conveyor conveying unit
Chamber
for separating the seed cotton
from
carpels
Pre-cleaner
to separate larger trashesStorage box
Pat. No.
2076/ MUM/2014Slide15
CICR
HARVESTER1-ROW COMM PICKER
Initial
Cost
Lo
w
er
Higher
O
peration
Si
m
ple
DifficultRow spacingAnyOnly
wider
rows
Technical
skill of operator
required
None
Highly trained operator
required
Maintenance
L
o
w
High
SparesAvailableNot
availableSpecial chemicals required
Defoliants
Coolants, Wetting
agents (Not available in India), Defoliants
Trash
(%)2520Pre-cleaner installedYesNoPlant loss (%)215Field loss512Working speed kmph2.664.5Time
taken hrs/ha
4.18
3.02HA
R
V
E
S
T
E
R
F
E
A
T
U
R
E
SSlide16
Tractor mounted finger type cotton harvester
(55 hp)Working width – 2050 mm (3 Row)
Overall weight ~ 3740 kg (Include Tractor weight)
Overall Height – 3048 mm
Conveying system- Belt with flight type (Under side flow)
Tractor mounted cotton stripper
(ICAR-CICR-CIRCOT-Mahindra)Slide17
Picking efficiency of 97.9% leaving only 2.1% bolls unpicked
Header+cleaner+shattering losses 11.5% with a comb spacing of 16mmField capacity of machine was found to be about 2 hrs/ha including the unloading and idle time of the machine
Onboard cleaner head an overall efficiency of 54% trash removal
Most efficient in removing burrs at 64%
Uniform Grid Bar spacing 13mm gave least trash at 17% with comparable
fibre
properties with that of hand picked cotton
175mm pulley with Uniform Grid Bar spacing of 13 mm gave least trash of 17% with least
neps content
Recycling harvested cotton through Onboard cleaner reduced the trash of 45% at header to 12% i.e., 73% in 3 cycles
Summary of Results Slide18
Cleaning Systems
Refinements included incorporation of variable feeding systems, modification in the grid bars and providing safety arrangements like belt, gear and chain covers
Cleaning performance of the developed machines depends to a large extent on the prior opening of the cotton in a cylinder cleaner
Modified Stick machine and Saw band cleaner
Seed cotton
Stick machine
Saw band cleaner
6-cylinder cleanerSlide19
Machine picked cotton contains around 19.26% total trash content where the percentage of dry leaves is highly significant (i.e. 13.45%) compared to the large foreign matters (such as sticks and burs),which requires special machines for its separation
Cleaning Systems
Cleaning machinery employed for processing of machine picked cotton
Burs
Sticks
Dry leaves
Immature Seeds/ Motes
Green leaves
Trash content separated from the machine picked seed cottonSlide20
Seed cotton (g)
Lint (g)
Trash
content
Bracts/ Burrs
Sticks
Green leaves
Immature seeds/motes
Dry leaves
Total
Control
600
241
(g
)
(%)
6.9
2.86
1.4
0.59
5.21
2.16
0.3
0.12
7.4
3.07
21.21
8.8
Cylinder cleaner
600
238
(g)
(%)
5.77
2.42
1.270.532.931.230.10.046.62.7716.677.0Stick machine600230(g)(%)2.060.90.720.311.380.60.0
0.0
5.2
2.269.364.07Saw band cleaner
600
228
(g)
(%)
1.01
0.44
0.0
0.0
1.19
0.52
0.0
0.0
4.9
2.15
7.1
3.11
Dry leaves which are dominantly present in the machine picked cotton get crushed and finely maxed during ginning leading to separation of finely mixed particles partly through the grids along with the cottonseed and partly along with the lint, which could not be even separated using the trash separator.
Cleaning Systems
Cleaning machinery employed for processing of machine picked cottonSlide21
Flail type chopper cum loader for paddy straw cutting and loading Slide22
Tractor-operated cotton stalk puller (PAU, TNAU)
Best performance of the machine, it should be operated at 30 degrees pull angle, 4.19 m/s peripheral speed and 2 km/h forward speed.
The maximum pulling efficiency of 86.63 percent was obtainedSlide23
Acknowledgements
Technology Mission on CottonMini Mission-IIndian Council of Agricultural ResearchNew DelhiSlide24