Notes : Introduction - PowerPoint Presentation

Notes: Introduction Why it’s Important: During the first ________ years after the ________ of Christ, the Germans left the ________ and ________ of Northern ________ in search of: 1.  2. They slowly drifted ________ towards the ________ ________. What were the Germans attracted to? ________ ________ and ________.What did the Germans hope to do?  400 birth forests marshes Europe Warmer climates Better grazing land south Roman Empire Rome’s wealth culture Live peacefully within the empire’s borders

How did the Romans feel about this and what did the Romans do ? By 300 CE, however, the empire had begun its long decline and could no longer ________ ________ ________ __________. So the Romans allowed the groups of Germans to ________ into the ____________ ________ ________, where a ________ of German and ________ ways took place. Considered the Germans enemies and fought to keep Germans out of Rometurnback the Germans move Danube River Valley blendingRoman

Section 1: Village Life Although the Germans took part in ________ ________, they kept much of their ________ ________. They lived in ________ surrounded by __________ and ________. Describe what most of their homes were like: The family lived in ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ and divided the other end into ________ ________. Body heat of the animals ________ ________ ________ ________ hut during the ________ ________. German villagers made their living ________ ________.This provided what ? Roman Life cultureown villagesfarmlands pastures Thatched roof huts with open space around them one end of the hut animal stalls helped to warm the cold winters herding cattle Food and clothing

They also ________ cattle for what three items from the romans?1. 2. 3. The Germans farmed as well; they grew:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Most farm work was done by:1. 2. 3. What did the women do when they were not in the fields or cooking? Describe German Dress:Women:   tradedGlass vesselsTable Articles Jewelry Barley Rye Wheat Beans Peas WomenChildren Enslaved people Spun wool and wove cloth on looms Long skirts made of different yarns from the shoulders to the feet; 1-piece sacklike dresses; sometimes wore scarves

Men: The Germans believed in ___________. So strong was this belief that it was ________ the ________ to ________ away anyone ________ ________ to the ________. Invited guests and ________ alike were ________, ________, and _____________.What three things were German pastimes?1. 2. 3. Short woolen tunics, close fitting trousers (pants), cloakshospitality against law turn who came door strangerswelcomed fed entertained Feasting Drinking Dancing

Men also enjoyed ___________ with ________. Sometimes, they took part in such organized ________ as ________ and ________. In winter, they ________ on ________ ponds and lakes using skates made of ________ ________. The Germans spoke a ___________ that later became __________ German. At first, they could not ________ or ________ because their language had no ___________. Some learned to ________ and ________ ________. Gradually they began to use ________ ________ to write their own ______________. gambling dice sports boxing wrestling skatedfrozen flatbone language Modern read write alphabet speak write Latin Roman Letters language

Warriors German men were warriors.They spent most of their time:1. Fighting 2. Hunting 3. Making weaponsThey began training for war when they were young boys. When a male reached manhood, he was brought before a special gathering held in a sacred grove under a full moon. There, he received a shield and a spear, which he had to carry with him at all times. The loss of the shield and spear meant a loss of honor .

The Germans were divided into clans, or groups based on family ties. At first, the Germans gave their greatest loyalty to their clan. After a while, however, they developed a strong feeling of loyalty toward a military leader called a chieftain. A man had to fight well to become a chieftain. In the beginning, a chieftain was elected by a band of warriors. Later, this office became hereditary. What does hereditary mean?Passing down by inheritance from parent to childWhat three things did a Chieftain give their men?Leadership WeaponsChance for wealth/adventure

Chieftains also kept peace among their warriors. In some cases, they gave their warriors food and shelter. In return, warriors gave their chieftains complete loyalty. Some even gave their chieftains credit for the brave deeds they themselves did. In battle, what did the chieftain fight for and what did the warriors fight for? Chieftains - >Victory Warriors - >Their chieftains German warrior bands did not have fixed plans for fighting. Each band was small and usually fought on its own, apart from other bands. The bands made surprise raids against their enemies. Warriors on foot and on horseback would charge wildly, yelling in loud voices to frighten their foes. They fought with daggers, short swords, and heavy axes made of metal and stone. They carried light wooden shields and wore suits of leather .

What would a successful attack provide? Enslaved peopleCattleOther treasuresThe Germans’ love of battle was closely linked to their religion. Germans had many gods who liked to fight and hunt. Who was their chief god?WodanWhat was he the god of?War 2. Poetry 3. Learning 4. MagicAnother god of war was Wodan’s son Thor, who was also the God of Thunder. The Germans believed what about the sound of thunder? Came from the wheel’s of Thor’s chariot. The Germans admired bravery. Like the Spartans, they expected their warriors to win in battle or to die fighting. The only German shields left on the battlefield were those of dead warriors. What did the Germans believe about what happened if you died on the battlefield?Goddesses carried spirits of warriors into the afterlife.

Laws Where did the Romans believe laws came from?The EmperorWhere did the Germans believe their laws came from?The PeopleGerman rulers could not change a law unless the people approved. The Germans based their laws on the customs of their ancestors. Instead of writing down the laws, the Germans memorized them and passed them from parent to child.

Reckless fighting, often caused by too much drinking, caused problems in German villages. The Germans wanted to keep such fights from becoming blood feuds or quarrels in which the families of the original fighters seek revenge. Blood feuds could go on for generations. Why did the Germans set up courts?To prevent blood feuds from going on for generations.Judges listened to each side and tried to find a settlement that would bring peace to the village. The Germans decided who was guilty or innocent in different ways. One way was by oath-taking. Describe what an oath-helper is and does: People who swore that the accused was telling the truth

If the accused could not find oath-helpers, then their guilt or innocence was decided by ordeal or a severe trial. Describe what would happen during these ordeals:Accused walked barefoot over red-hot coals OR Arm placed in boiling water --- Burns of the innocent would heal within 3 daysOrdeal by water :Accused hands/feet were tied and thrown into a lake/river --- Innocent sank, guilty float A person who was judged guilty was not always punished physically. Courts could impose fines called wergeld. The exact amount of the payment varied. Although courts could set these fines, they did not have the power to collect them. They had to depend on public opinions to make a guilty person pay the fine . The German legal system did not treat all people fairly. What did matter in determining the penalty for a crime?A person’s wealth/importanceGerman law did keep the peace.