What are the four emergent properties of water that are important for life cohesion expansion upon freezing high heat of evaporation capillarity cohesion moderation of temperature expansion upon freezing solvent properties ID: 529966
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Water and Life" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Water and LifeSlide2
What are the four emergent properties of water that are important for life?
cohesion, expansion upon freezing, high heat of evaporation, capillarity
cohesion, moderation of temperature,
expansion upon freezing, solvent properties
moderation of temperature, solvent properties, high surface tension, capillarity
heat of vaporization, high specific heat, high surface tension, capillarity
polarity, hydrogen bonding, high specific heat, high surface tensionSlide3
What are the four emergent properties of water that are important for life?
cohesion, expansion upon freezing, high heat of evaporation, capillarity
cohesion, moderation of temperature,
expansion upon freezing, solvent properties
moderation of temperature, solvent properties, high surface tension, capillarity
heat of vaporization, high specific heat, high surface tension, capillarity
polarity, hydrogen bonding, high specific heat, high surface tensionSlide4
Water shows high cohesion and surface tension and can absorb large amounts of heat because of large numbers of which of the following bonds between water molecules?
strong ionic bonds
nonpolar covalent bonds
polar covalent bonds
hydrogen bonds
weak ionic bondsSlide5
Water shows high cohesion and surface tension and can absorb large amounts of heat because of large numbers of which of the following bonds between water molecules?
strong ionic bonds
nonpolar covalent bonds
polar covalent bonds
hydrogen bonds
weak ionic bondsSlide6
Water has an unusually high specific heat. What does this mean?
At its boiling point, water changes from liquid to vapor.
More heat is required to raise the temperature
of water.
Ice floats in liquid water.
Salt water freezes at a lower temperature than pure water.
Floating ice can insulate bodies of water.Slide7
Water has an unusually high specific heat. What does this mean?
At its boiling point, water changes from liquid to vapor.
More heat is required to raise the temperature
of water.
Ice floats in liquid water.
Salt water freezes at a lower temperature than pure water.
Floating ice can insulate bodies of water.Slide8
Surfactants
reduce surface tension of a liquid. Which of the following would result if water was treated with surfactants?
Surfactant-treated water droplets would form a thin film instead of beading on a waxed surface.
Surfactant-treated water would form smaller droplets when dripping from a sink.
Water striders would sink.
All of the above would occur.
Only A and C would occur.Slide9
Surfactants
reduce surface tension of a liquid. Which of the following would result if water was treated with surfactants?
Surfactant-treated water droplets would form a thin film instead of beading on a waxed surface.
Surfactant-treated water would form smaller droplets when dripping from a sink.
Water striders would sink.
All of the above would occur.
Only A and C would occur.Slide10
In a glass of old-fashioned lemonade, which is the solvent?
lemon juice
sugar
water
lemonade mixture
iceSlide11
In a glass of old-fashioned lemonade, which is the solvent?
lemon juice
sugar
water
lemonade mixture
iceSlide12
Which of the following would most likely form a colloid?
small hydrophobic molecule
small hydrophilic molecule
large hydrophobic molecule
large hydrophilic molecule
A and CSlide13
Which of the following would most likely form a colloid?
small hydrophobic molecule
small hydrophilic molecule
large hydrophobic molecule
large hydrophilic molecule
A and CSlide14
Skin is coated with a hydrophobic glycolipid. What would happen if this was not present?
Water would be lost from skin cells more quickly.
Skin would swell when swimming.
Skin would wrinkle more.
A and B only
A, B, and CSlide15
Skin is coated with a hydrophobic glycolipid. What would happen if this was not present?
Water would be lost from skin cells more quickly.
Skin would swell when swimming.
Skin would wrinkle more.
A and B only
A, B, and CSlide16
What is the concentration of OH
ions in a solution where pH
10?
1
10
-10
M
1
10
10
M
1
10
4
M
1
10
-4
M
1
10
-7
MSlide17
What is the concentration of OH
ions in a solution where pH
10?
1
10
-10
M
1
10
10
M
1
10
4
M
1
10
-4
M
1
10
-7
MSlide18
Compared to an acidic solution at pH 5, a basic solution at pH 8 has
1,000 times more hydrogen ions.
1,000 times less hydrogen ions.
100 times less hydrogen ions.
the same number of hydrogen ions but more hydroxide ions.
100 times less hydroxide ions.Slide19
Compared to an acidic solution at pH 5, a basic solution at pH 8 has
1.000 times more hydrogen ions.
1.000 times less hydrogen ions.
100 times less hydrogen ions.
the same number of hydrogen ions but more hydroxide ions.
100 times less hydroxide ions.Slide20
Which of the following acts as a pH buffer in blood?
carbonic acid
bicarbonate ion
carbonate ion
hydroxide ion
A and BSlide21
Which of the following acts as a pH buffer in blood?
carbonic acid
bicarbonate ion
carbonate ion
hydroxide ion
A and BSlide22
Scientific Skills QuestionsSlide23
Scientists predict that acidification of the ocean will lower the concentration of dissolved carbonate ions (
CO
3
2
), which are required for coral reef calcification. To test this hypothesis, what would be the independent variable?
ocean pH
the rate of calcification
the amount of atmospheric CO
2
time
volume of seawaterSlide24
Scientists predict that acidification of the ocean will lower the concentration of dissolved carbonate ions (CO
3
2
), which are required for coral reef calcification. To test this hypothesis, what would be the independent variable?
ocean pH
the rate of calcification
the amount of atmospheric CO
2
time
volume of seawaterSlide25
Based on this graph, what is the relationship between carbonate ion concentration and calcification rate?
As the acidity of the seawater increased, the rate of calcification decreased.
As the rate of calcification increased, the concentration of carbonate ions increased.
As the concentration of carbonate ions increased, the rate of calcification
decreased.
As the concentration of
carbonate ions increased,
the rate of calcification
increased.Slide26
Based on this graph, what is the relationship between carbonate ion concentration and calcification rate?
As the acidity of the seawater increased, the rate of calcification decreased.
As the rate of calcification increased, the concentration of carbonate ions increased.
As the concentration of carbonate ions increased, the rate of calcification
decreased.
As the concentration of
carbonate ions increased,
the rate of calcification
increased.Slide27
If the seawater carbonate ion concentration is 250 µ
mol
/kg, what is the approximate rate of calcification according to this graph?
5
mmol
CaCO
3
per m
2
per day
10
mmol
CaCO
3
per m
2
per day
15
mmol
CaCO
3
per m
2
per day
20
mmol
CaCO
3
per m
2
per daySlide28
If the seawater carbonate ion concentration is 250 µ
mol
/kg, what is the approximate rate of calcification according to this graph?
5
mmol
CaCO
3
per m
2
per day
10
mmol
CaCO
3
per m
2
per day
15
mmol
CaCO
3
per m
2
per day
20
mmol
CaCO
3
per m
2
per daySlide29
This figure suggests that increased atmospheric concentrations of CO
2
will slow the growth of coral reefs. Do the results of the previous experiment support that hypothesis?
No; more atmospheric CO
2
causes a
decrease
in the amount of
CO
3
2
in seawater, leading to faster reef
growth.
Yes; more
CO
2
causes an
increase
in the amount of CO
3
2
in seawater, leading to slower reef growth.
No; more atmospheric
CO
2
causes an
increase
in the amount of
CO
3
2
in seawater, leading to faster reef
growth.
Yes; more
CO
2
causes a
decrease
in the amount of
CO
3
2
in seawater, leading to slower reef growth.Slide30
This figure suggests that increased atmospheric concentrations of CO
2
will slow the growth of coral reefs. Do the results of the previous experiment support that hypothesis?
No; more atmospheric CO
2
causes a
decrease
in the amount of
CO
3
2
in seawater, leading to faster reef
growth.
Yes; more
CO
2
causes an
increase
in the amount of CO
3
2
in seawater, leading to slower reef growth.
No; more atmospheric
CO
2
causes an
increase
in the amount of
CO
3
2
in seawater, leading to faster reef
growth.
Yes; more
CO
2
causes a
decrease
in the amount of
CO
3
2
in seawater, leading to slower reef growth.