WHAT FACTORS LED TO THE RISE OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE? - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

WHAT FACTORS LED TO THE RISE OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE?Slide2
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Where are the

Steppes

of Central Asia????

What civilizations do you suppose these

warrior societies

came into contact with?

INDIA

CHINA

RUSSIASlide4

Steppes

- belt of grasslands that sweeps for roughly 5,000 miles in between Europe and China

Treeless plains that make up 15% of the earth

’

s surface

Steppes provide a feeding ground for pastoral animals such as sheep and goatsLittle to no rainfall (10-20 inches per year)Present day MongoliaLong, cold winter and hot summersHome to many nomadic tribes such as the Turks, Tartars, Huns and MongolsSlide5

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgYYUZGNSO8Slide6

Mongol homelandSlide7
Slide8

The

WOLF

is the legendary ancestor of the

MONGOLS

. What does a

wolf

and

Mongol have in common?

BOTH: live in dark, northern regions, travel in packs, fierce fighters, loyal to one another, intelligent and resourceful creatures.Slide9

Yurt-

tent with a wooden frame and covering used by people of the SteppesSlide10

A clan leader named

Temujin

begins to conquer rivals one

by

and unites them

A leader emerges

He will be known as “Genghis Khan”Slide11

Genghis

Khan-

(

1162-1227

) brilliant chieftain who united the Mongol tribe and conquered much of Asia

Born with the name Temujin

Built an empire that eventually included China, Korea, Russia, Eastern Europe and the Persian GulfImposed strict military discipline and demanded absolute loyalty

Reputation for fiercenessSlide12

“They keep hovering about the enemy, discharging their arrows first from one side and then from the other…Their horses are so well broken-in to quick changes of movement, that upon the signal given, they instantly turn in any direction, and by these rapid maneuvers many victories have been obtained.”

Marco Polo,

A Description of the World

According to this quote, why was the

horse

so important to the Mongols during war?Slide13

Stirrup

- is a ring with a flat bottom fixed on a

leather

strap

, usually hung from each side of a saddle used

as a support for the foot of a riderSlide14

A MONGOL WARRIOR WAS EQUIPPED WITH ……………………

helmet

Leather armor

stirrup

horse

Bow & arrows

saddle

shield

Curved sword & battle axeSlide15

*NOTES*

MONGOL FIGHTING TACTICS:

Fake retreats and attacked when enemy was vulnerable

Used life-like dummies on horses to trick the enemy

Slaughtered a few cities in attempt to scare other cities to surrender without a fight

Used civilians as shields

Drank horse’s blood to stay alive

Could travel up to 100 miles per day on horseback

On occasion, used biological warfare

Used Chinese silk underwear so arrows had a hard time penetrating past the thick silk

Leather armor, saddle, stirrups, helmets, shield, bows and arrows, battle axe, curved sword, lance and used catapults

MONGOL WAR TACTICSSlide16

What present day countries did the Mongols conquer and include in their vast empire?

The Mongols conquered about thirty present day countries with well over 3 billion people. Some examples are China, Korea, Russia, most of India, Pakistan, Iraq, Iran, etc.

CHINA

INDIA

KOREA

RUSSIA

PAKISTAN

IRANSlide17

What type of ruler was

Ghengis

Khan?Slide18

Mongols may have been brutal conquerors yet they were tolerant rulers.

“You

may be able to conquer by horse but you cannot rule from a horse

.”Slide19
Slide20

“With

Heaven's aid I have conquered for you a huge empire.

But

my life was too short to achieve the conquest of the world.

That

task is left for

you.”“One

arrow alone can be easily broken but many arrows are indestructible”

Before Genghis Khan’s death

a kuraltai (meeting of all the Mongol leaders

under the Khan)

was called to discuss the Great Khan’s successor.

The

group included his sons as well

a

s

his grandsons

What

does Genghis Khan mean in this last quote?Slide21

KHANATE

- the name given to each piece of land that the Mongols conquered

Genghis

Khan gave his grandsons a

khanate

.Slide22

The Genghis Khan Family TreeSlide23

In 1227, heading back to Mongolia after a victorious campaign against the Central Asians, Genghis Khan died. One legend has it that a funeral ceremony conveyed Genghis’s body to northeastern Mongolia and buried 40 virgins and 40 horses with him. According to this legend, the grave was stamped down by the horses' hooves as a means of hiding the location of

grave.

There is a second possibility, however, that Genghis’s body was simply allowed to lie were it fell. At this time in their history, the Mongols had not yet developed a tomb culture; in fact, they would only develop a tomb culture after they'd had greater contact with the Chinese and the Persians. Thus, Genghis’s body may have been left to be consumed by the animals.

WHAT HAPPENED TO GENGHIS KHAN?Slide24

Vocabulary

TOLERANCE

- attitudes and practices that do not allow

discrimination

against others who may be different.

The Mongols showed

tolerance

towards their conquered people. They did not force

all of the

Chinese to change their culture or way of life

.

WHAT OTHER

LEADERS SHOWED TOLERANCE IN THEIR RULING?Slide25

DOCUMENT 1:

“When

Temujin

(Genghis Khan) was born, the Mongols were nomadic people who grazed their horses and sheep on the steppe grasslands of Central Asia. When he was still a boy, his father was poisoned by a rival tribe.”

1. How would the murder (poisoning) of his father have affected Genghis Khan’s attitude towards war and conquest? Slide26

DOCUMENT 2:

“Genghis Khan was born

Temujin

in 1162 A.D. His mother had been shocked to see her newborn baby holding a clump of blood in his hand. His father consulted a holy man. “This child”, predicted the holy man, “will rule the world.”

2. How might this event have affected the way Genghis Khan was treated by his parents? Slide27

DOCUMENT 3

“Unprepared to lead his father’s armies following his death, Genghis Khan suffered many defeats in battle. At the age of 15, he was taken prisoner. He was locked into a wooden collar and forced to parade before his enemies, helpless and completely at their mercy.”

3. How does this event in his life explain the brutality he placed on enemy soldiers? Slide28

Mongol homelandSlide29

Pax

(peace) Mongolia-

(1200’s-1300’s) time period when the descendents of Genghis Khan established peace and order within their

domains.Slide30

THE YUAN DYNASTY (1279-1368)

Genghis’s grandson, Kublai Khan became emperor of the Khanate of the

Yuan Dynasty

Only

Mongols could serve in the

military and hold highest government jobs

Chinese

officials were allowed to continue to rule the provinces

Rebuilt and extended the

Grand

Canal to his new capital

OPENED THE DOORS OF CHINA TO FOREIGNERS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Slide31

Marco Polo-

Italian merchant who was one of the many visitors to China during the Yuan Dynasty. He spent 17 years in

Kublai’s

service. Wrote a book, “My Travels”, which astonished Europeans about the wonders of the

EastSlide32

Marco Polo spent 17 years on the service of Kublai Khan.Slide33

HOW MANY KHANATES WERE THERE?

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HOW MANY KHANATES WERE THERE?

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