2 Developmental Issues Prenatal Development and the Newborn Module 10 3 Two Major Developmental Issues Continuity and Stages Stability and Change Conception Prenatal Development The Competent Newborn ID: 496114
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Developing Through the Life SpanSlide2
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Developmental Issues, Prenatal Development, and the Newborn
Module 10Slide3
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Two Major Developmental IssuesContinuity and Stages
Stability and Change
Conception
Prenatal Development
The Competent NewbornSlide4
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Developmental Issues, Prenatal Development, and the NewbornDevelopment begins with the meeting of sperm and egg and continues throughout our lives.
Developmental psychology
studies our lifelong physical, mental, and social development .Slide5
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Two Major Developmental IssuesDevelopmental psychology considers three pervasive issues:
Issue
Details
Nature/Nurture
How do genetic inheritance (
our nature
) and experience (
the nurture we receive
) influence our behavior?
Continuity/Stages
Is development a gradual, continuous process or a sequence of separate stages?
Stability/Change
Do our early personality traits persist through life, or do we become different persons as we age.Slide6
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Continuity and Stages
Researchers who view development as a slow, continuous process are generally those who emphasize experience and learning.
Those with a biological perspective view maturation and development as a series of genetically predisposed steps or stages. Slide7
Three Stage Theories
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Stability and ChangeLifelong development requires both stability and change.
Researchers agree that:
The first two years of life provide a poor basis for predicting a person’s eventual traits.
As people grow older, personality gradually stabilizes.
In some ways, we all change with age.Slide9
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Prenatal Development and the NewbornHow, over time, did we come to be who we are? From zygote to birth, development progresses in an orderly, though fragile, sequence.Slide10
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ConceptionA single sperm cell (male) penetrates the outer coating of the egg (female) and fuses to form one fertilized cell.
Lennart Nilsson/ Albert Bonniers Publishing Company
Lennart Nilsson/ Albert Bonniers Publishing CompanySlide11
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Prenatal DevelopmentA zygote
is a fertilized egg with 100 cells that become increasingly diverse. At about 10 days the zygote turns into an
embryo
(a).
Over the next 6 weeks organs begin to form and the heart begins to beat. At 9 weeks, the embryo becomes a fetus (b and c)
Fig 10.3Slide12
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Prenatal DevelopmentAt each prenatal stage genetic and environmental factors affect development.
Although the placenta screens out potential threats, some
teratogens,
chemicals or viruses that can harm the developing fetus, can slip by.
For example, fetal alcohol syndrom (FAS), can be caused by a mother’s drinking during pregnancy. FAS is marked by a small, misproportioned head and lifelong brain abnormalities.Slide13
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The Competent NewbornInfants are born with reflexes that aid in survival, including the rooting reflex which helps them locate food. Slide14
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The Competent NewbornIn addition to this, we are born preferring sights and sounds that facilitate social responsiveness.Infants turn their heads in the direction of human voices and gaze longer at face-like images.
Newborns gazed nearly twice as long at the figure on the right. (Johnson & Morton, 1991)