Westernization of Russia Culture Only affected upper class Greater freedom of women Requires nobles to shave beards amp dress like Westerners Educational improvements Math amp science Forms military hierarchy ID: 502950
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Slide1
1690-1790
Westernization of Russia Slide2
Culture
Only affected upper class
Greater freedom of womenRequires nobles to shave beards & dress like WesternersEducational improvementsMath & science
Forms military hierarchyNavy createdBureaucratic changesNoble council replaced by appointed advisorsSet up law codesRevised tax systemEconomyMetallurgy and mining expandState run munitions & shipbuildingSerf labor used in manufacturing
Results of Peter’s Westernization Slide3Slide4
Weak rulers follow after Peter I dies in 1725
Catherine, Peter III’s widow,
becomes an effect rulerShe becomes Empress in 1762 Resumes Peter the Great’s interests
Expand central power after several rebellions Consolidation under Catherine the GreatSlide5Slide6
Partition of Poland
Eliminates Poland as an independent state
Divides Poland into three partitions among Russia, Austria, & Prussia
Defeats Napoleon defeated 18121st time Russia moves into heartland of W. EuropeEmbraced WesternizationAbsolutismNobles empowered over serfsBans writings of liberals & democrats after French
Revolution
Expansion
Crimea from Ottomans
Extends colonization of Siberia
Claim Alaskan territory
Explores settle in N. CaliforniaSlide7
Serfdom: The life of the Masses
During 17
th & 18Th centuries power of boyars over serfs increasedMost peasants free farmers prior to Mongol ruleSerfdom allowed government to placate nobles & control peasants
Serfdom extended with expansionThemes in Early Russia History Slide8
1649 – serfdom becomes hereditary
Serfs legally tied to the land and legal rights of landlords increased
Very close to slavery Serfs could be bought, sold, punished….Serfs taxed and policed by landlordsPoland, Hungary, and other Eastern European countries mirrored serfdom in RussiaSlide9
II. Trade and Economic Dependence
95% of population was rural
Small merchant class due to fear of social competition by nobilityRussian trade controlled by Westerners Relied on Western shippingProduced enough revenue from exports to continue expansion
Russia’s population doubles in 18th centuryEconomy advancedSlide10
III. Social Unrest
Russia’s economic and social system protested
Radishev – western oriented aristocrat called for abolition of serfdomPeasant rebellions
Pugachev Rebellion 1773-1775Pugachev was a Cossack who claimed to be the legitimate tsarPromised to end serfdom, taxes, & military conscriptionDefeated and killed publically in MoscowCatherine the Great & nobility triumphSlide11Slide12
IV. Russia & Eastern Europe
Growing trade with the West sparked cultural exchange
BalkansUnder Ottoman controlInfluenced by the Enlightenment
PolandUnder control of Catholic sphereInternal weakness lead to PartitionMany other states such as Hungary & Bohemia lost political autonomy