Anatomy Test Review 1 Which component of blood is directly responsible for transporting oxygen to body cells A plasma B platelets C red blood cells D white blood cells 2 A boy jumps into a cold swimming pool and his body temperature goes down His muscles blood vessels and nervous system w ID: 762371
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Anatomy Test Review
1 Which component of blood is directly responsible for transporting oxygen to body cells? A. plasma B. platelets C. red blood cells D. white blood cells
2 A boy jumps into a cold swimming pool and his body temperature goes down. His muscles, blood vessels, and nervous system work together to restore his body temperature. Which term best describes this process? A. homeostasis B. hypothermia C. reflex D. respiration
3 Which of the following carries nerve impulses from pressure receptors in the skin to the central nervous system? A. capillary B. marrow C. motor neuron D. sensory neuron
4 Examining a bone marrow sample could help a doctor diagnose problems with which of the following? A. sense of balance B. speed of reflexes C. production of blood cells D. filtering of wastes from blood
5 What is the primary role of the stomach in the human digestive system? A. producing specialized salts that absorb fats B. absorbing water and minerals from undigested food C. using muscle movements and enzymes to break down food D. transferring nutrients from digested food to the bloodstream
6 A dog gives birth to five puppies. What percentage of its chromosomes does each puppy share with the mother? A. 25% B. 50% C. 75% D. 100%
7 In which of the following ways does the respiratory system help to maintain homeostasis during exercise? A. Reserves of oxygen are built up in the alveoli. B. The pharynx supplies glucose so that the muscles can produce ATP. C. Breathing rate is increased to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide more rapidly. D. The lungs release hemoglobin so that the blood can carry more oxygen to tissues.
8 Hepatitis is a disease of the liver. Which of the following happens as a result of decreased liver function? A. Carbon dioxide builds up in the liver. B. Toxic compounds build up in the blood. C. The kidneys take over the functions of the liver. D. The stomach produces the enzymes needed for digestion
9 Which term describes the maintenance of a steady internal state in the body? A. gametogenesis B. homeostasis C. mitosis D. respiration
10 Crohn’s disease causes inflammation of the digestive tract, particularly the small intestine. Inflammation of the small intestine would directly interfere with which of the following digestive functions? A. liquefying food B. reabsorbing water C. absorbing nutrients D. moving food to the stomach
11 In the human respiratory system, the contraction and relaxation of a muscle called the diaphragm helps move air through which of the following structures? A. artery, capillary, and vein B. larynx, pharynx, and trachea C. atrium, trachea, and ventricle D. esophagus, kidney, and pharynx
12 In which part of the human digestive system do both physical breakdown and chemical breakdown of food first begin? A. esophagus B. mouth C. large intestine D. small intestine
13 An EEG is a medical instrument that measures and records the electrical activity of the brain. The brain’s electrical activity is directly caused by which of the following? A. production of ATP B. synthesis of hormones C. repair of damaged tissue D. transmission of nerve impulses
14 Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter in the human body. As a neurotransmitter, acetylcholine is directly responsible for which of the following? A. speeding up the rate of biochemical reactions in cells B. assisting in the transport of nutrients in the bloodstream C. carrying the signal for a nerve impulse from one neuron to the next D. facilitating diffusion of amino acids across the plasma membrane of cells
15 Joints are most important for which of the following functions of the human skeletal system? A. protection B. movement C. storage of minerals D. blood cell formation
16 Degenerative nerve diseases destroy nerve cells. These diseases can lead to paralysis by interfering with which of the following? A. transport of hormones that stimulate muscle cells B. production of ATP that is required by muscle cells C. transmission of electrochemical signals from the brain to muscle cells D. exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between neurons and muscle cell
17 Which of the following statements best describes the relationship of the kidneys and the liver to the circulatory system? A. The kidneys and the liver pump blood. B. The kidneys and the liver produce blood cells. C. The kidneys and the liver remove wastes from blood. D. The kidneys and the liver make blood-clotting proteins.
18 Which of the following statements applies to all forms of sexual reproduction? A. All offspring from a mating look exactly the same. B. Offspring receive genetic material from two gametes. C. Offspring completely develop inside the mother’s body before birth. D. All offspring are born with their organs and senses fully developed.
19 The nose serves all the following functions except A. providing an airway. B. moistening inhaled air. C. filtering dust and particles from inhaled air. D. transferring oxygen from the air directly to the bloodstream.
20 A person who is cold shivers to generate body heat. Which of the following lists the primary body systems that interact to maintain homeostasis in this situation? A. nervous, excretory, and respiratory B. excretory, digestive, and respiratory C. digestive, muscular, and circulatory D. muscular, circulatory, and nervous
21 In which of the following ways does perspiring help the body to maintain homeostasis? A. by decreasing body temperature B. by increasing blood sugar levels C. by increasing the amount of fluid in the body D. by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in cells
22 Which of the following is a body system response that adjusts body temperature when it is higher than normal? A. Breathing rate begins to decrease. B. Blood vessels near the skin constrict. C. Sweat glands produce and secrete sweat. D. Hormones increase the metabolic rate of the liver.
23 Heartburn is pain that occurs when acidic gastric juice is forced out of the upper end of the stomach. In which of the following organs does a person experience heartburn? A. pancreas B. esophagus C. small intestine D. large intestine
24 The circulatory system is directly responsible for which of the following? A. breaking down food and absorbing nutrients B. transmitting nerve impulses to the brain C. transporting nutrients such as oxygen to cells D. controlling movement of muscles
25 Which of the following statements best explains why oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood? A. The diaphragm draws oxygen into the alveoli at a rapid speed. B. Alveoli cells contain hemoglobin to transfer gases to the blood. C. The concentration of oxygen is greater in the alveoli than in the blood. D. Red blood cells move one at a time through the capillaries surrounding the alveoli.
26 What is the name of the connective tissue that joins skeletal muscle to bones? A. cartilage B. ligaments C. neurons D. tendons
27 Which of the following statements best explains why offspring produced by sexual reproduction often look similar to, but not exactly the same as, their parents? A. The offspring have genetic material from both the mother and the father. B. The cells of the offspring contain all the dominant genes from the parents. C. The cells of the offspring undergo mitosis many times as the offspring grow and develop. D. The offspring have a period of embryonic development, rather than being born immediately after fertilization.
28 Which of the following is a function of the liver? A. removing toxic compounds from the blood B. secreting digestive enzymes into the stomach C. producing white blood cells to fight infections D. converting food into smaller nutrient molecules
29 Nerve cells use which of the following to communicate with each other? A. antibodies B. electrochemical signals C. enzymes D. simple sugars
30 Shelly and Jason are siblings, but Shelly looks like their father while Jason looks like their mother. Which of the following statements best explains the difference in Shelly’s and Jason’s features? A. Shelly inherited a greater number of chromosomes from their father than Jason did. B. Shelly inherited a smaller number of X chromosomes from their mother than Jason did. C. Shelly and Jason had different mutations occur in the 46 chromosomes they inherited from their mother and father. D. Shelly and Jason inherited different combinations of 23 chromosomes from their mother and 23 chromosomes from their father.
31 High levels of carbon dioxide in the blood trigger which of the following responses in the body? A. an increase in the rate of digestion B. an increase in the rate of breathing C. a decrease in the speed of the pulse D. a decrease in the production of sweat
32 Emphysema is a severe respiratory system disease. The disease causes damage that directly prevents the transfer of oxygen to the bloodstream. Which part of the respiratory system does emphysema damage? A. alveoli B. bronchi C. larynx D. trachea
33 Which of the following is a correct order in which air moves through the human respiratory system when a person inhales? A. nose, larynx, trachea, pharynx, bronchi, lungs B. nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs C. pharynx, bronchi, nose, larynx, trachea, lungs D. pharynx, nose, trachea, bronchi, larynx, lungs
34 In sexual reproduction, what is the source of the genetic material in a zygote? A. an egg cell only B. a sperm cell only C. an egg cell and a sperm cell D. an egg cell and a polar body
35 What is the primary function of the large intestine? A. to digest proteins B. to absorb nutrients C. to break down complex carbohydrates D. to remove water from waste
36 Capillaries are part of which body system? A. skeletal system B. nervous system C. digestive system D. circulatory system
37 Which of the following is one of the functions of the human skeleton? A. producing hormones B. bringing gases into the body C. removing waste from the body D. providing a site for blood cell formation
38 Which of the following is the best example of an organism maintaining homeostasis? A. a wolf panting after a chase B. a spider catching an insect in a web C. a cricket becoming infected by a virus D. a mole digging tunnels in the ground
39 Which of the following is the basic structural unit of the nervous system? A. axon B. neuron C. red blood cell D. white blood cell
40. Which of the following statements best describes how the nose contributes to the efficient functioning of the lungs? A. The nose filters dust and pollen from inhaled air. B. The nose dries air as it enters the respiratory system. C. The nose removes excess carbon dioxide from inhaled air. D. The nose detects the amount of oxygen in the respiratory system.
41. For most nerve impulses to be transmitted from one neuron to another, which of the following must occur? A. Smooth muscle must move the ends of the neurons. B. Neurotransmitters must diffuse between the neurons. C. Glucose molecules must be released from the neurons. D. Capillaries must deliver carbon dioxide to the neurons.
42. Laboratory tests can be used to evaluate how well a person’s liver is working. One test measures how well the liver removes a substance called bilirubin from the blood. Based on this information, which of the following describes bilirubin? A. an antibody B. an energy source C. a vitamin D. a waste product
43. Which of the following is the best example of homeostasis in the human body? A. the secretions from oil glands in the skin decrease as a person ages. B. Opposite muscles are used to bend and extend a person’s arm at the elbow joint. C. The villi of the small intestine increase the absorption of nutrients from the small intestine into the blood. D. More growth hormone is released from the pituitary gland when the level of growth hormone in the blood falls too low.
44. The vertebrae and cartilaginous discs of the spine are parts of which body system? A. circulatory system B. excretory system C. muscular system D. skeletal system
45. Which of the following represents a path that a nerve impulse could travel in the nervous system? A. brain → motor neuron → spinal cord B. brain → sensory neuron → motor neuron C. sensory neuron → spinal cord → brain D. motor neuron → spinal cord → sensory neuron
46. The concentration of which gas is higher in exhaled air than in inhaled air? A. carbon dioxide B. helium C. nitrogen D. oxygen
47. Damage to neurons directly interferes with which of the following processes? A. delivery of glucose to cells B. filtering of wastes from blood C. transmission of nerve impulses D. exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
48 Which of the following statements describes a function of the human brain? A. It produces ATP for organs but not for muscles. B. It controls voluntary actions but not involuntary actions. C. It is responsible for removing toxic compounds from the blood. D. It is the main center for sensory and motor processing in the body.
49. Growth hormone, estrogen, and thyroxine are some hormones secreted by endocrine glands. What is the role of these hormones? A. to generate nerve impulses B. to regulate body functions C. to directly supply energy to cells D. to directly remove toxins from the body
50. Which of the following are parts of the human nervous system? A . alveoli , trachea, larynx B . erythrocyte , plasma, capillary C . neuron , brain, spinal cord D . osteocyte , ligament, cartilage
51. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Skeletal muscle is voluntary Cardiac muscle is involuntary Smooth and Cardiac muscles are voluntary Cardiac and Smooth muscles are involuntary
52. The upper chambers of the heart are called _________ and the lower chambers are called __________ Ventricle, Atrium Atrium, Ventricle, Vena Cava, Aorta Vesicles, Aurea
53. Which of the following is NOT a type of neuron? Interference Interneuron Sensory Motor
54. What is the purpose of the Endocrine system? to control growth, development, metabolism and reproduction through the production and secretion of hormones to remove infectious diseases and other pathogens from the human body collecting, transferring and processing information To remove waste from the body
55. What is #1? Aorta Right Ventricle Left Ventricle Left Atrium 1
5. What is #2? Right Atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle Left Atrium 2
57. What is #3? Right Atrium Right Ventricle Vena Cava Left Atrium 3
58. What is #4? Right Atrium Aorta Vena Cava Pulmonary Artery 4
59. What is #1? Bronchi Trachea Pharynx Alveoli 1
60. What is #2? Bronchi Bronchioles Pharynx Larynx 2
61. What is #3? Larynx Trachea Epiglottis Diaphragm 3
62. What is #4? Bronchi Pharynx Larynx Esophagus 4
63. What is #1? Pancreas Gall bladder Appendix Salivary gland 1
64. What is #2? Pancreas Gall bladder Appendix Salivary gland 2
65. What is #3? Small Intestine Liver Large Intestine Rectum 3
66. What is #4? Small intestine Lung Stomach Liver 4
67. What is Peristalsis? When you liver cannot function and the pancreas takes over the job of filtering toxins from the bloodstream. Series of involuntary wave-like muscle contractions which move food along the digestive tract The process of creating bile to break down fats in the digestion system The term for both mechanical and chemical digestion in the digestive system.
Open response #1 The heart is part of the circulatory system. A. Describe the primary function of the heart. Medical researchers are working on developing artificial hearts. Three of the many requirements for the design of an artificial heart are listed below. 1. An artificial heart must connect to the pulmonary artery (artery connected to the lungs). 2. An artificial heart must connect to the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava (large veins). 3. An artificial heart must be able to function at different speeds when a person is exercising and is at rest. B. Describe how each of the requirements listed above would help the body of an individual with an artificial heart function normally.
Open response #2 Several parts of the human nervous system are listed below. brain motor neurons sensory neurons spinal cord A. Describe the primary function of each of the parts of the nervous system identified in the list . B. A person sees a ball and kicks it, in part because of actions of the nervous system. Using the parts of the nervous system listed, describe the path of nerve impulses that cause the person to (1) see the ball and (2) kick the ball.