PPT-Dihybrid crosses, sex linkage and multiple alleles

Patterns of inheritance Learning outcomes i genetic diagrams to show patterns of inheritance To include monogenic inheritance dihybrid inheritance multiple alleles sex linkage and codominance. Genotype . vs. Phenotype. Genotype: An organism’s genetic makeup which consists of the alleles that an organism inherits from it’s parents (ex: . Ee. ,. EE, or . ee. ). Phenotype: The physical appearance of an organism’s genotype.. Key Reference. Li, Q., and R. L. Wu, 2009 A . multilocus. model for constructing a linkage disequilibrium map in human populations. . Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology . 8 (1): Article 18.. In a population, there may be more than two alleles for a given trait. If a gene exists in more than two alleles, it is said to have . multiple alleles. Coat colour in rabbits. E.g. Coat colour in rabbit controlled by 3 alleles. Crosses. Dihybrid. Cross . Is the crossing of two traits.. Instead of looking at probability of inheriting 1 traits, we are now going to analyze inheriting 2 traits.. Setting up the Parent Alleles. Dihybrid. Crosses. Probability and Genetics!. Why did Mendel use Pea Plants?. - easy to . control. pollination. Pea Flower. Stamens. (male). produce. pollen. Pistil. (female). produces. ovules. - seven distinct, inherited traits. Versions of noughts and crosses are played across the word.. This picture shows children in Pakistan playing a version called “. adda. . kadda. .”. But did you know that there are strategies you can use so that you . Genetic Crosses. Gregor Mendal. is known as the father of genetics!!!. General Definitions. . Genetics:. is the study of inheritance.. . Somatic Cells:. . are all cells . except. sex cells . e.g. Cheek, liver, muscle, blood, leaf, stem . Multiple Alleles. More than 2 alleles for a gene. Dominance hierarchy (one allele dominates over the other). Ex. Fruit Fly eye colour . 4 alleles: Red, Apricot, Honey, White. To show dominance hierarchy use first letter of the gene name (E=Eye colour) and a superscript to reflect how dominant it is (1 is most dominant). Mendel’s further experiments. Mendel’s . monohybrid crosses . were based on one characteristic controlled by one gene such as seed shape (round or wrinkled) in a pea plant. . He . then went on to ask: . LinkageLinkage can be physical or statistical wefocus on physical - easier to understandBecause of recombination Mendel developslaw of independent assortmentBut loci do not always assort independently Complete a Punnett Square for these crosses:. In seals, the gene for the length of the whiskers has two alleles. The dominant allele (L) codes long whiskers and the recessive allele (l) codes for short whiskers. A heterozygous and a homozygous recessive seal are crossed.. As there are more genes than chromosomes, it can be expected that each chromosome contains more than one gene.. The genes for different characters may be either situated on the same chromosome or on different chromosome.. For either genotype orphenotype, the expected outcomes of a particular cross can be calculated by multiplying the probabilities of the individual outcomes. Crosses: Review For example, the ratios of Review 8. Important Vocabulary. Gene – piece of a chromosome that codes for a trait. Trait – a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another. You are your parents!. Dad’s chromosomes.