Communities Standard 611 12 Essential Questions 1 How did huntergatherer communities adapt to the natural environment based on the geography society and culture 2 How did agriculture affect early human communities ID: 544470
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Slide1
Impact of Hunter-Gatherer Communities
Standard 6-1.1 / 1.2Slide2
Essential Questions
1. How did hunter-gatherer communities adapt to the natural environment based on the geography, society, and culture?2. How did agriculture affect early human communities?Slide3
Early Hunter-Gatherer Communities
-The earliest humans lived in
Africa. - They slowly spread
into Asia, Europe, Australia, and North and South America. (
to the rest of the world
)
-Over the years, these
early people lived in groups, hunting and gathering enough food to survive.-Because of their lifestyle, these people were called hunters and gatherers. Slide4Slide5
Early Hunter-Gatherer Communities
- About 100,000-10,000 BCE, early people, called nomads
, began moving from their homeland in Africa. = migration.
-Around that time, the earth’s temperature began to fall. This period was known as the
Ice Age
.
-The
Ice Age killed much of the food, forcing people to move into new areas in search of food. -They hunted animals and gathered wild plants.-They migrated on foot or in small boats. -Beringia (land bridge) allowed people to migrate into North America.
-By 9000 BC people had migrated to most regions of the world. Slide6
Google Earth Slide7
Streamline Video (8:10)
migration to the Americashttp://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=34D3043C-5D82-4756-8F56-1D9869E25478
Migration Into North Americahttp://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=9992B834-A80D-400E-ABFD-E90CAF50C1C0Slide8
Early Hunter-Gatherer Communities Slide9Slide10
Early Hunter-Gatherer Communities
-People first migrated to regions that had plenty of food and comfortable climates
.- These hunters and gatherers collected wild fruits, nuts, roots and seeds.
http://museums.ncl.ac.uk/flint/foodquiz.html
-They also
hunted large animals, such as giant oxen and mammoths
.
- These animals provided meat for food, bones for tools and hides for clothing and shelter. Slide11
Early Hunter-Gatherer Communities Slide12
10,000 BC Slide13
Social Life and Culture in Hunter-Gatherer Communities
-Small groups often did many of the same tasks.-As groups grew, people began to specialize. This was called
division or specialization of labor. - Each person in the large group took on a role. For example,
women gathered plants and men would hunt
. Slide14Slide15
What is… CULTURE? Slide16Slide17Slide18
Social Life and Culture in Hunter-Gatherer Communities
-Culture
is the learned behavior of people: language, religion, social relationships, institutions, organizations, and material goods. - All early people were hunters and gatherers; however, each group had its own culture.
- Early groups had
different styles of dress, shelter and artifacts.
- Groups had
different spoken languages
and older members used language to pass on customs and knowledge to younger members. Language was very rudimentary (simple). -These groups developed into the first societies.
Why is it important to understand another’s CULTURE?Slide19
Social Life and Culture in Hunter-Gatherer Communities
-Technology,
which is human knowledge used to create better tools and equipment, created many
changes
for hunter-gatherer communities.
-Early humans
used stone tools.
They used these instruments as weapons, to break things and to sharpen softer objects.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L87Wdt044b0 Slide20
Social Life and Culture in Hunter-Gatherer Communities
-Historians believe that the discovery of fire allowed early cultures to leave Africa because it provided warmth, light, and a means to cook food
.-Once humans discovered fire, they learned how to make metals which replaced stone tools. -Copper was
probably
the first metal used
by hunter-gatherer communities.
-
Iron was the most important metal used by early cultures because it was a harder substance. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ygpzm0S_rPQ Slide21Slide22
Social Life and Culture in Hunter-Gatherer Communities
-Art was also an important part of many hunter-gatherer communities.
-Most of the early art was in the form of cave paintings.-The
paintings showed the daily lives of the hunter gatherer
community members. (
express their ideas
)
-They also used body painting, model making, and baked clay as forms of art. Slide23
Pictograph:
Painting on a surface like a cave wall.
Petroglyph:
Design carved into rock or other surface.
Slide24
Kentucky
Rock ArtSlide25
Cave of Lascaux, France
Discovered by four boys in 1940.
Caves are filled with pictographs and petroglyphs of hundreds of animals.Slide26Slide27
Why did they paint the cave? What do the paintings mean?
Just the animals that were around at that time.
Instructions on how to hunt or not to hunt.
The cave was used for religious ceremonies.
Painting were for good luck in hunting.
PowerPoint created by Amy J McCray, WKU Anthropology Undergrad. 2005.Slide28
Cave Paintings SLSlide29Slide30
Agriculture…
THE SEED OF CIVILIZATION!!!!
Agriculture
, or growing plants and raising animals for food, changed society forever
. Slide31
History Channel Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhzQFIZuNFY Slide32
The Emergence of Agriculture
TOOLS: plow, digging stick, seed sower, hoe Slide33
Streamline Hunter gatherers and pastoral communities Slide34
The Emergence of Agriculture
-Irrigation = important to the growth of agriculture. -
Irrigation = process of supplying water to grow plants and take care of animals.-This allowed farmers to plant in areas where it was difficult to plant before.
-Irrigation takes water from where it is to where it’s needed. Slide35
The Emergence of Agriculture
Water WheelIrrigation Canals Slide36
Irrigation Media: canals, water wheel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5RP2KfewiJAhttps://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkYMtgGikss Slide37
Brain Pop!Agricultural Revolution Slide38
Read Aloud: Weslandia Slide39
Think About It….. Cooperative Learning Experience
What was Wesley’s problem?
How did he solve it?How can we compare this literature to our study of early civilization?Explain the analogy.
Wesley’s plants :: wooly mammoths