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Super fruit, Pomegranate: Super fruit, Pomegranate:

Super fruit, Pomegranate: - PowerPoint Presentation

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Super fruit, Pomegranate: - PPT Presentation

A light on phytochemicals and their benefits to the human health Zainab MansurZM Yan YangYY Diana JuarezDJ Akshata Kulkarni AK Introduction Zainab ID: 554235

juice pomegranate antioxidant amp pomegranate juice amp antioxidant activity fruit punicalagin acid human cell ellagic colon proliferation journal http

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Slide1

Super fruit, Pomegranate:

A

light on phytochemicals and their benefits to the human health

Zainab

Mansur(ZM) Yan Yang(YY)

Diana Juarez(DJ) Akshata Kulkarni (AK)Slide2

Introduction Zainab Mansur (

ZM)Slide3

Pomegranate (Punica granatum

L.) is a member of punicaceae family.

Has one genus and two species.Native fruit to the Mediterranean and Central and Southern Asia.Today

pomegranate grows

throughout large areas including Asia, Africa, India, and some parts of the

USA.

Introduction

UCDAVIS, 2013)Slide4

The plant is a small tree or shrub, deciduous with multiple suckers from the base.

Flowers are red to red-orange in color.Funnel shape.

Semi-round fleshy fruit consists of arils and surrounded by leathery skin (rind).

DescriptionSlide5

The world production of pomegranates is about 2.5 million tons (2007).

World Pomegranate production in 2007. (USAID, 2008)

World ProductionSlide6

Tropical and a subtropical fruit.Thrives in mild winter and hot, dry summer climates.

Chilling injury occurs at -12 ⁰C.

Rain is unfavorable during the last stages of the fruit development and causes fruit splitting.

Present

Absent/Unreported

Pomegranate

distribution in the USA. (USDA, 2013)

 

Distribution and ClimateSlide7

Low respiration rate (5-10 mg CO2 kg-1 hr

-1).

Very low ethylene production (<0.1 μL C2H4

kg

-1

hr

-1

).

Moderate

perishable and can

be shipped without any problems as long as bruising is avoided

.

Has

a shelf life up to 3 months at 5-7 ⁰C.

Post-harvest

Copyright © 2010 Amit Agro-FreshSlide8

Phytochemicals in PomegranateYAN YANG (YY)Slide9

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/11/101119083126.htmPomegranate Juice

Its juice holds a higher capacity of antioxidant than other commonly consumed polyphenol-rich beverages in the United States.

The ellagitannin is one of the most important polyphenolic antioxidant in pomegranate juice.The pomegranate juice producing process bring in a certain quantity of water-soluble

punicalagins

.

Predominant Phytochemicals found in Pomegranate:

Ellagitannins

:

punicalagins

and

punicalins

Free

Ellagic

acid and

Ellagic

acid glycosides

Anthocyanin:

delphinidin

,

cyanidinSlide10

Pomegranate PeelPomegranate peel are build up around 26-30% of total fruit weight.

Gallic acid, ellagic acid and punicalagin play an important role in antibacterial activities.

The mechanism of antimicrobial activity:precipitation of membrane protein, causing microbial cell lysis.

c

Punicalagin

:

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Punicalagin.PNGSlide11

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00131.x/fullPomegranate Seed

Pomegranate seed oil contains more than 70% conjugated linolenic acid.

The complex of pomegranate seed oil has functions in antiflammatory activity, cancer chemoprevention, especially for colon cancer and breast cancer.Pomegranate seed oil rich in conjugated

linolenic

acid suppresses chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in rats (Kohno 2004).

http://www.fushi.co.uk/body-care/massage-body-oils/pomegranate-seed-oil-organic.htmlSlide12

Health BenefitsSlide13

Diana Juarez (DJ)

Epidemiological studiesSlide14

“A single pomegranate contains nearly a quarter of the USDA’s daily recommended amount of dietary fiber, which helps you feel full and maintain a healthy weight,”

says Jennifer Franklin, a Registered Dietitian at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville.

Dietary FiberSlide15

Ancient medicinePomegranate has been documented since 1550 B.C. (Stover & Mercure, 2007)Egyptians juice and wine Intestinal wormsGreek mythologyFruit of immortalityChinese“soul concentrate”Hebrewspeel and arils Stomach ache, respiratory problems, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory

Photo : Sanders & Kingsnorth (2012)

Jurenka, J. (2008). Therapeutic applications of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): a review. Alternative medicine review, 13(2), 128-144; Sanders, D. L., & Kingsnorth, A. N. (2012). From ancient to contemporary times: a concise history of incisional hernia repair. 

Hernia

16

(1), 1-7.;

Stover, E. and Mercure, E.W., 2007. The pomegranate: A new look at the fruit of paradise. Hortscience 42:1088-1092.

Slide16

Traditional medicineAyurvedaAnti-parasitic, blood tonic, diarrhea, and ulcersUse all parts of the plant (roots, bark, leaves, flowers, and fruit)UnaniPrevent diabetesPracticed in Middle East and India

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Illustration_Punica_granatum2.jpgJurenka, J. (2008). Therapeutic applications of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): a review. Alternative medicine review, 13(2), 128-144 Slide17

Pomegranate todayHealth benefitsOral healthRegulate cholesterolProstate cancerCardiovascularClinical trials 145POM Wonderful2012 sales have increase 30%

http://www.pomwonderful.com/pomegranate-products/freshfruit/pom-fresh/

U.S Government Agency, U.S National Library of Medicine. (2013). Medline: Pomegranate. Retrieved from website: http://search.medscape.com/medline-search?queryText=pomegranate&navState=21&sortBy=&fromMonth=&fromYear=&toMonth=&toYear=&dateDimId=21&CMEDimId=&pagerOffset=0&search_type=&

contentType

=Slide18

Akshata Kulkarni(AK)

Invitro

In vivo

Clinical trialsSlide19

AntioxidantAnticarcinogenicAnti-inflammatory propertiesBenefits can be explored in the treating infant brain ischemia, male infertility, Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, and obesity. (Langley, 2000)

InvitroSlide20

Antioxidant properties:

Antioxidant activity of Pomegranate peels extracts and BHA by βcarotene-linoleate

system Radical scavenging activity of Pomegranate peels extracts and BHA by DPPH system Pomegranate Peels extract

Adapted from: R

. P. Singh

,

 K. N.

Chidambara

Murthy

and, and G. K.

Jayaprakasha

Journal

of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

 

2002

 

50

 (1), 81-86Slide21

Antioxidant properties:

Pomegranate seeds extractAntioxidant activity of Pomegranate

seeds extracts and BHA by βcarotene-linoleate system % Antioxidant Activity

Radical scavenging activity of Pomegranate

seeds

extracts and BHA by DPPH system

% Radical scavenging activity

Adapted from: R

. P. Singh

,

 K. N.

Chidambara

Murthy

and, and G. K.

Jayaprakasha

Journal

of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

 

2002

 

50

 (1), 81-86Slide22

Antiproliferative properties against human oral tumor cells

Concentration µg/mlConcentration µg/ml

ProliferationProliferation

Graphs showing

antiproliferative

activities of

punicalagin

,

Ellagic

acid(EA), Total Pomegranate tannins (TPT), Pomegranate Juice(PJ) against human oral tumor cells lines KB and CAL27 for 48

hr

KB cell line

CAL27cell line

Legend:

Punicalagin

EA

PJ

TPT

Adapted from: Journal of nutritional biochemistry [0955-2863]

Seeram

yr

: 2005

vol

: 16

iss

: 6

pg

: 360 -367 Slide23

Antiproliferative properties against human colon tumor cellsProliferation

Concentration µg/ml

Concentration µg/mlProliferation

Legend:

Punicalagin

EA

PJ

TPT

Graphs showing

antiproliferative

activities of

punicalagin

,

Ellagic

acid(EA), Total Pomegranate tannins (TPT), Pomegranate Juice(PJ) against human

colon

tumor cells lines

SW 460 and SW 620

for 48

hr

SW 460 cell line

SW 620 cell line

Adapted from: Journal of nutritional biochemistry [0955-2863]

Seeram

yr

: 2005

vol

: 16

iss

: 6

pg

: 360 -367 Slide24

Antiproliferative properties against human colon tumor cells

Graphs showing antiproliferative activities of punicalagin,

Ellagic acid(EA), Total Pomegranate tannins (TPT), Pomegranate Juice(PJ) against human colon tumor cells lines HT 29 and HCT 116 for 48 hr

Proliferation

Concentration µg/ml

Concentration µg/ml

Legend:

Punicalagin

EA

PJ

TPT

Proliferation

HT 29 cell line

HCT 116 cell line

Adapted from: Journal of nutritional biochemistry [0955-2863]

Seeram

yr

: 2005

vol

: 16

iss

: 6

pg

: 360 -367 Slide25

InvivoSlide26

Effect of pomegranate juice consumption on cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity and expression

On the other hand, there is a complex interplay between tumor initiation, promotion, and progression and xenobiotic

biotranformation.It was found that pomegranate juice consumption decreased total hepatic CYP content as well as the expression of CYP1A2 and

CYP3A

Hepatic CYP450 content in mice treated with Pomegranate Juice(PJ) and control

Pomegranate Juice Effects on Cytochrome P450s

Expression:In

VivoStudies

,

 

Journal of medicinal food [1096-620X]

Faria

yr

: 2007

vol

: 10

iss

: 4

pg

: 643 -649Slide27

Pomegranate peel extracts inhibits ROS-dependent luminol-amplified chemilumniscence in resting and stimulated neutrophils

Total cell counts in vehicle, PGE, LPS and LPS+PGENeutrophil count in vehicle, PGE, LPS and LPS+PGE

Effect of PGE on BALF cell content of mice

Bachoual

,

Rafik

, et al. "An aqueous pomegranate peel extract inhibits neutrophil myeloperoxidase in vitro and attenuates lung inflammation in

mice."

Food

and Chemical Toxicology

 49.6 (2011): 1224-1228.Slide28

Clinical trialsSlide29

To determine the effects of pomegranate consumptionStudy 1: on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression

in men: Patient serum showed 12% in cell proliferation,

17% in apoptosis and 23% serum nitric oxideStudy 2: on Pulse wave velocity and Blood Pressure: No effect of the intervention seen on PWV,

PJ supplementation had benefits for BP

 significant fall in systolic and diastolic BP

Study 3: on Angiotensin converting enzyme activity:

36% in

serum ACE activity

and

5%

in systolic

blood pressure

wide

protection against cardiovascular

diseases

Study 4: on hypercholesterolemia and LDL:

Patients with hypercholesterolemia significantly reduced the levels of plasma cholesterol and LDL.

The reduction in LDL attenuation of the development of atherosclerotic lesions

Study 5: on carotid artery stenosis (CAS) and BP :

Pomegranate Juice reduces

carotid IMT and systolic blood pressure Slide30

Meta- analysis???

No published meta analysis study availableOne available is on the comparison of antioxidant activity between apple juice and pomegranate juicePJ has greater antioxidant activity compared to that of apple juiceSlide31

BioavailabilityBioavailability

of ellagitannins,including punicalagin, has

not been previously described in humans.Scheme of the study design

No intact

punicalagin

,

punicalin

or

ellagic

acid conjugates were detected in human plasma or urine

Few metabolites were detected in urine and plasma after 25H of juice intake

 metabolites produced in the distal part of the intestine by the action of colon bacteria

Large difference in metabolite

productiondifference

in colon

microflora

Stress should be given more on colonic

microflora

metabolites rather than to

phenolics

present in the juice!

Cerdá

,

Begoña

, et al. "The potent in vitro antioxidant

ellagitannins

from pomegranate juice are

metabolised

into bioavailable but poor antioxidant

hydroxy

–6H–

dibenzopyran

–6–one derivatives by the colonic

microflora

of healthy humans." 

European journal of nutrition

 43.4 (2004): 205-220Slide32

ToxicityIn general, the pomegranate fruit and its components are considered safe for human consumption

the juice is widely consumed and no serious adverse events have been reported in clinical trials althoughthese

have been limited in number and size However, diarrhoea was reported more frequently in patients taking

a larger dose (3g) than in those taking a smaller dose (1g) in one

trial

No

observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for this standardized pomegranate fruit extract with 30%

punicalagins

was determined as 600 mg/kg body

weight/day

Patel,

Chintan

, et al. "Safety assessment of pomegranate fruit extract: Acute and

subchronic

toxicity studies." 

Food and Chemical Toxicology

 46.8 (2008): 2728-2735.Slide33

ConclusionPomegranate (Punica

granatum L.) is a member of punicaceae family

.The world production of pomegranates is about 2.5 million tonsPredominant Phytochemicals found in Pomegranate are ellagitannins:

punicalagins

and

punicalins

,

Ellagic

acid and Anthocyanin

: delphinidin,

cyaniding

Pomegranates have numerous benefits towards human health due to their antioxidant,

anticarcinogenic

and anti-inflammatory

properties

These are supported by number of in-vitro and in-vivo studies along with a number of clinical trials

No meta-analysis reported so far except for one on its antioxidant properties

Bioavailability seen to be poorSlide34

Thank YOU!

Questions?