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Tang and Song China Tang and Song China

Tang and Song China - PowerPoint Presentation

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Tang and Song China - PPT Presentation

Sui Dynasty 589618CE Yang Jian seized the Mandate of Heaven from boy Wanted centralized strong govt Grand Canal help trade between north and south China Series of waterways linked together 1240 ID: 419191

tang china dynasty song china tang song dynasty chinese began economic based buddhist rice education civil bureaucracy production discovered family merchants agricultural

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Slide1

Tang and Song ChinaSlide2

Sui Dynasty

589-618CE

Yang Jian

seized the Mandate of Heaven from boy

Wanted centralized, strong gov’t

Grand Canal

– help trade between north and south China

Series of waterways linked together – 1,240

Purpose – make rice supply abundant in north

Established economic foundation for political and cultural unity in ChinaSlide3

Tang Dynasty

618-907CE

Organized China into powerful, productive and prosperous society

Most of its success was due to

Tang Taizong

(627-649)

Believed he was Confucian ruler

Tried to look out for his subjects

Empire safer, price cheaper, taxes lower for peasantsSlide4

Three policies help explain Tang success:

1. transportationNetwork of roads, horses, sometimes human runners

Inns, postal stations, stables

2.

Equal field system

Avoid concentration of land in the hands of a few

Allotted to families based on fertility and needSlide5

1/5 became hereditary

The rest became available for redistribution when circumstances changed

Things eventually changed

Rising population hurt distribution

Nobles began keeping land

Large portions went to Buddhist monasteriesSlide6

3.

Bureaucracy based on meritTook civil service examsBased on Confucian education

Very loyal to dynasty

Survived 13 centuriesSlide7

Began military expansion

Took Manchuria, north VietnamForced

Silla

kingdom in Korea into tributary status

Political theory said that China was the

Middle Kingdom

Responsible for bringing order to other lands

Would deliver gifts to the overlord - kowtowSlide8

Tang decline

Careless leadership brought huge declineCommander An Lushan

– started rebellion

Ended up being killed

But rebellion left state very weak

Tang had to invite nomadic Turks called Uighurs to get the rebels out of the capital

Their pay was the right to sack the capital of Chang’anSlide9

Tax revenue decreased

Equal field system deterioratedArmies couldn’t keep nomadic Turks from encroaching

Series of rebellions

Generals became the rulers

907 – last emperor abdicated – dynasty endedSlide10

Song Dynasty

960-1279ce

Brought back centralized government

Never very strong

More concerned with civil administration, education, arts, industry

Not military

First emperor,

Song Taizu

Rewarded servants of the state richlySlide11

Expanded bureaucracy based on merit

More opportunities for people to get education and civil service jobsGov’t became more centralized

This caused two problems:

1. Huge bureaucracy devoured Chinese surplus production

Efforts to raise taxes resulted in rebellionSlide12

2. scholar bureaucrats didn’t have talent to run the military

Nomadic Jurchen overran northern China

Pushed Song to south

Established Jin empire

Mongol forces ended the dynasty in 1279Slide13

Economic Development

Agricultural, technological, industrial, and commercial developments during Song transformed China into economic powerhouse

Fast-ripening rice – 2 crops a year

Iron plows – compost fertilizer – advanced irrigation

Result = population explosionSlide14

Increased food production spurred growth of cities

During Song, China became most urbanized land in the worldCities had teahouses, specialty stores, music halls, theaters, gardens, taverns, etc.Slide15

Another result of increased food production

Emergence of commercial agricultural economyWith cheap rice, farmers could now specialize in other crops

Sold these crops to other lands for profitSlide16

Society

Tightening of patriarchal structure

Veneration of ancestors became more elaborate

Strengthened sense of family identity and unity

During Song era,

footbinding

emerged

Enhanced attractiveness , displayed high social standing, controlled behavior

Put women under tight control of fathers or husbandsSlide17

Technology & Industry

Discovered technique of producing high quality porcelain

For eating or work of art

Demand for Chinese porcelain high in India, Persia, Med Sea areaSlide18

Discovered how to make superior grades of iron and steel

Weapons, agricultural tools, bridges, pagodasDiscovered “gunpowder” when mixing chemicals to prolong lifeSlide19

Block printing – carve images on block, ink it, press paper on it

Then learned how to make “dies”,, arrange in frame, ink them, press paper on itCalled moveable typeSlide20

Market Economy

Foreign demand for Chinese products brought about a quick economic expansion

Trade grew so quickly, coins became scarce

Merchants created letters of credit called “flying cash”

Equivalent of today's check

Merchants also pioneered the invention of paper moneySlide21

Establishment of Buddhism

Buddhist merchants traveling silk roads took Buddhism to China c. 2

nd

cent. BCE

Didn’t attract much support until after fall of the Han

Buddhism was a threat to Chinese family and tradition

Encouraged ascetic lives for mostSlide22

Encouraged monastic, celibate life for most devout

This went against everything China stood forBuddhist missionaries began to translate terms into Chinese ideas – many borrowed from Daoism

Also said 1 son in monastery would bring salvation for 10 generations of familySlide23

Daoist

and Confucian critics began to influence emperorsIn 840’s, Tang emps

. ordered

monsateries

closed and Buddhists (among others) expelled

Faith popular enough it survived