DR M MD MUSTAFA SHARIFF DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY SENIOR LECTURER SRMDC 2021 INTRODUCTION It is fifth and largest cranial nerve It is mixed nerve sensory and motor SENSORY TO Skin o ID: 941655
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TRIGEMINAL NERVE DR. M. MD. MUSTAFA SHARIFF DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY SENIOR LECTURER SRMDC - 2021 INTRODUCTION • It is fifth and largest cranial nerve. • It is mixed nerve ( sensory
and motor) SENSORY TO ✓ Skin of face ✓ Mucosa of cranial viscera ✓ Except base of tongue and pharynx MOTOR TO ✓ Muscle of mastication ✓ Tensor ville palatine ✓ Tensor tympa
ni ✓ Anterior belly of digastric ✓ Mylohyoid TRIGEMINAL NUCLEI • A cranial nerve nucleus is a collection of neurons (gray matter) in the brain stem that is associated with one
or more cranial nerve. • Axon carrying information to and from the cranial nerves form a synapse first at these nuclei. • Lesion occurring at the nuclei can lead to effects
resembling those seen by the severing of nerves they are associated with. SENSORY NUCLEI MESENCEPHALIC NUCLEUS • Cell body of Pseudounipolar neuron • Relay proprioception from
muscle of mastication, • Extra ocular muscle, • Facial muscle • Situated in midbrain just lateral to aqueduct PRINCIPAL SENSORY NUCLEUS. • Lies in pons lateral to motor nucleu
s • Relays touch sensation SPINAL NUCLEUS • Extends from caudal end of principal sensory nucleus in pons to 2 nd or 3 rd spinal segment • It relays pain and temperature MOTOR
NUCLEUS • Innervates muscles of mastication and tensor tympani and tensor palatini • Derived from first branchial arch • Located in pons medial to principal sensory nucleus FUNCT
IONAL COMPONENT SPECIAL VISCERAL EFFERENT (SVE): • Fibers arise from motor nucleus and supply the muscle s derived from the first pharyngeal arch mesoderm. ✓ Muscle of masticatio
n ✓ Tensor ville palatine ✓ Tensor tympani ✓ Anterior belly of digastric ✓ Mylohyoid GENERAL SOMATIC AFFERENT (GSA): • GSA fibers are divided into two groups. • Fibers carry
ing exteroceptive sensation from skin of the face and mucous membrane of the mouth and nose. • The cell bodies of these neurons lie in the trigeminal ganglion. • Most of the centr
al processes of these neurons bifurcate, the ascending branches terminate in the chief sensory nucleus whereas descending branches end in the spinal nucleus. • Fibers carrying prop
rioceptive sensation from muscles of mastication, temporomandibular joint, teeth and tongue. • The cell bodies of these neurons lie In the Mesencephalic nucleus. • The peripheral
processes of nerve cells located in the trigeminal ganglion and Mesencephalic nucleus are arranged into three division of trigeminal nerve. • OPHTHALMIC - GSA FIBERS • MAXILLA
RY - GSA FIBERS • MANDIBULAR - GSA AND SVE FIBERS COURSE AND DISTRIBUTION • Both motor and sensory root are attached ventrally to junction of pons and middle cerebellar p
eduncle with motor root lying ventro medially to the sensory root. • Pass anteriorly in middle cranial fossa to lie below tentorium cerebelli in cavum trigeminale , here motor ro
ot lies inferior to sensory root. • Sensory root connected to postro medial concave border of the trigeminal ganglion. • Convex antrolateral margin of the ganglion gives attachme
nt to the 3 division of the trigeminal nerve. • Motor root turns further inferior with sensory component of V3 to emerge out of foramen ovale as mandibular nerve. • Ophthalmic an
d maxillary division emerges through superior orbital fissure and foramen rotundum. CLINICAL ANATOMY • Lesion of trigeminal nerve present following clinical feature. • Loss of gene
ral sensation from face and mucous membrane of oral and nasal cavities. • Loss of corneal reflex • Paralysis of muscles of mastication. • Jaw deviated to the side of lesion due
to unopposed action of lateral pterygoid muscle. • HYPOACUSIS ( partial deafness to low pitched sounds due to paralysis of tensor tympani muscle). TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA (TIC DOULOUR
EUX) • Is paroxysmal sever pain of sudden onset and short duration in the area of cutaneous distribution of one or more of the division of the trigeminal nerve, usually affecting
the 2 nd and 3 rd division . REFERENCES ➢ TEXT BOOK OF ANATOMY HEAD NECK AND BRAIN VOL III VISHRAM SINGH ➢ EXAM - ORINTED ANATOMY SHOUKAT N.KAZI ➢ HEAD & NECK AK DATTA 5 TH ED
ITION ➢ GRAYS ANATOMY STUDENTS EDITION ➢ CLINCAL ANATOMY SNELL 8 TH EDITION ➢ CLINICAL ANATOMY MOORE 5 TH EDITION ➢ HEAD & NECK BD CHAURASIA’S 4 TH EDITION ➢ HEAD & NECK DR