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Anatomy of the Heart Heart is approximately the size of your fist and weighs less than Anatomy of the Heart Heart is approximately the size of your fist and weighs less than

Anatomy of the Heart Heart is approximately the size of your fist and weighs less than - PowerPoint Presentation

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Anatomy of the Heart Heart is approximately the size of your fist and weighs less than - PPT Presentation

Located within bony thorax ribs and is flanked on each side by lungs Apex points toward your left hip and rests on your diaphragm Wall of the Heart The heart is enclosed by double sac of serous membrane called pericardium ID: 915290

blood heart ventricles left heart blood left ventricles pulmonary valve circulation ventricle side atrium valves aorta atria oxygen arteries

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Slide1

Anatomy of the Heart

Slide2

Heart is approximately the size of your fist and weighs less than a pound.

Located within bony thorax (ribs) and is flanked on each side by lungs

Apex points toward your left hip and rests on your diaphragm

Slide3

Wall of the Heart

The heart is enclosed by double sac of serous membrane called pericardium

The heart walls are composed of 3 layers:

Epicardium

– visceral tissue that tightly hugs the heart

Myocardium – thick bundles of cardiac muscle; this is the layer that contracts

Endocardium

– thin, glistening sheet of endothelium that lines the heart chambers; continuous with linings of blood vessels

Slide4

Coverings/wall of heart

Slide5

Chambers of the Heart

The heart has four hollow chambers:

Two atria

Two ventricles

Each chamber is lined with

endocardium

to help blood flow smoothly through heart

Atria lie superior to ventricles and receive blood under low pressure from veins of body. Atria are separated by

interatrial

septum.

Ventricles lie inferior to atria and receive blood from atria. Ventricles contract to force blood into circulation. Ventricles are separated by

interventricular

septum

Slide6

Slide7

Valves of the Heart

The heart has 4 valves which allow blood to flow in only one direction

Slide8

AV valves (

atrioventricular

) are located between each

atrial

and ventricular chambers on each side.

Bicuspid (mitral) valve – consists of two cusps of

endocardium

; located between left atrium and left ventricle

Tricuspid valve – consists of three cusps; located between right atrium and right ventricle

Chordae

tendinae

(“heart strings”) – tiny white chords which anchor wall of cusps of AV valves to ventricles. Anchor cusps of AV valves in a closed position when ventricles contract. This prevents blood from leaking back into atria.

Slide9

Slide10

Semilunar

Valves – Guard the bases of the two large arteries leaving the ventricles.

Pulmonary

Semilunar

Valve- guards the opening of the pulmonary trunk

Aortic

Seminlunar

Valve – guards opening of aorta

Each SL valve has 3 cusps which fit tightly together when closed and are forced open and flattened against

atrial

walls when ventricles contract to force blood out of heart

Slide11

Valves

Slide12

Mitral Valve

Prolapse

Slide13

Circulation

The right side of heart functions as pulmonary circuit pump. It

receives

oxygen-poor blood from body through the Superior and Inferior

Venae

Cavae

and pumps this blood

out

through the Pulmonary Trunk

Slide14

Pulmonary Circulation

The pulmonary trunk splits into right and left pulmonary arteries, which carry blood to lungs where it picks up Oxygen and unloads Carbon Dioxide.

Oxygen-rich blood drains returns from lungs to left side of heart through 4 pulmonary veins,

This path from right side of heart to lungs and back to left side of heart = Pulmonary Circulation

Slide15

Systemic Circulation

Blood returning to left side of heart is deposited into the left atrium and then flows into the left ventricle. The left ventricle forces blood through the aorta to the systemic arties to supply oxygen to all body tissues and then back to right atrium

This path from left side of heart through body tissues and back to right side of heart = Systemic Circulation

Slide16

Aorta

The largest artery of the bodySize of garden hose (diameter)

Springs from left ventricle (ascending aorta), arches to the left (aortic arch), and then plunges downward (descending aorta)

Slide17

Slide18

The Path of Circulation

Slide19

The Path of Circulation through the Heart

Slide20

Oxygen-poor blood returns from body through the inferior (5) and superior (1)

cavae

and empties into the right atrium(2). Blood then flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle (4). Right ventricle contracts forcing blood against the pulmonary SL valve forcing it open. Blood exits the heart and enters the lungs via right and left

pulomonary

arteries (8).

Slide21

Blood picks up Oxygen and deposits Carbon Dioxide in capillary beds of lungs (10). Oxygen-rich blood now returns to left atrium (7) via right and left pulmonary veins (3). As left atrium fills with blood, pressure is exerted on mitral valve (bicuspid) and it is forced open allowing blood to fill left ventricle (6). Left ventricle contracts forcing aortic SL valve open and allowing blood to leave heart through aorta (9).

Slide22

Double Pump

Both sides of the heart are pumping at the same time.

Slide23

In a healthy heart, the both atria contract simultaneously. At they begin to relax, contraction of the ventricles begins.

Systole = contraction of ventricles

Diastole = relaxation of ventricles

Slide24

Cardiac circulation

Blood supply that nourishes the heart is accomplished by right and left coronary arteries which branch from base of aorta and encircle the heart.

Coronary arteries are compressed when ventricles are contracting and fill with blood when heart is relaxed

Myocardium is drained by several cardiac veins which empty into enlarge vessel on backside of heart called coronary sinus, which in turn empties into right atrium.

Slide25

Coronary arteries

Slide26

Coronary sinus

Slide27

Slide28