Anatomic Landmarks Decay amp Dental Materials Radiopaque refers to a light area on the film Structures that are absorbers of xrays block the xrays from reaching the film The xrays are attenuated decreased in intensity by absorbing structures ID: 918024
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Slide1
Radiographic Interpretation:
Anatomic Landmarks, Decay, & Dental Materials
Slide2Radiopaque:
refers to a light area on the film
–
Structures that are absorbers of x-rays block the x-rays from reaching the film
–
The x-rays are attenuated (decreased in intensity) by absorbing structures
–
Fewer photons reach the emulsion (less exposure)
–
Dense structures are strong absorbers
Slide3•
Radiolucent:
refers to a dark area on the film
Structures that are less dense are poor absorbers and allow more photons to reach the film emulsion (more exposure)
Slide4Radiopaque
to Radiolucent
•
Metal
•
Enamel
•Cementum•Dentin•Bone•Muscle •Fat•AirRestorative and surgical materials have various densities and abilities to absorb. Metallic materials are more dense than enamel, thus appear very white on radiographs.
Slide5SUPPORTING STRUCTURE
Alveolar crest
Lamina dura
Periodontal ligament space
Cancellous bone
Slide6Teeth are composed of pulp (arrow on the second
molar), enamel (arrow on the first molar), dentin (arrow on
the second premolar), and cementum (usually not visible
radiographically).
Developing root
Slide7Radiographic Anatomy Basics:
The Tooth
Slide8Slide9Slide10Slide11Slide12Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Drawing
of maxillary midline area.
Shown are the (
1
) outline of nose, (
2) incisive foramen , (3) lateral fossa, (4) nasal fossa, (5) nasal septum, (6) border of nasal fossa, (7) anterior nasal spine, and (8) median palatine suture
Slide13Slide14Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Radiograph
of maxillary midline area.
This radiograph shows the (
1
) incisive
foramen, indicated by an irregularly shaped, rounded radiolucent area. Also seen are the (2) outline of the nose, (3) lateral fossa, (4) nasal fossa (radiolucent), (5) nasal septum (radiopaque), (6) border of nasal fossa, (7) anterior nasal spine, and (8) median palatine suture
Slide15Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Drawing
of maxillary canine area.
The drawing shows the (
1
) lateral
fossa, (2) nasal fossa, (3) inverted Y (intersection of the borders of nasal fossa and maxillary sinus), and (4) maxillary sinus. (5) Note the dense radiopaque area caused by overlapping of the mesial surface of the first premolar over the distal surface of the canine. This overlapping is common in this region of the oral cavity because of the curvature of the arch.
Slide16Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Radiograph
of maxillary canine area.
Shown are the (
1
) lateral
fossa, (2) nasal fossa, (3) inverted Y, (4) maxillary sinus, and (5) dense radiopaque area caused by overlapping
Slide17Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Soft
tissue of the nose in the path of the
x-ray
beam.
Note that the soft tissue of the nose will be in the path of the x-ray beam in this exposure. The resultant radiograph will most likely show an image of the soft tissue, outlining the tip of the nose.
Slide18Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Soft
tissue image of the nose
(
1
)
. The resultant image of the soft tissue of the nose is often magnified to a large size. According to the rules of shadow casting , the further an object is from the film packet, the more likely that object will appear magnified. The tip of the nose is at an increased distance from the intraoral film packet, resulting in a magnification of the size of the nose.
Slide19Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Drawing
of maxillary premolar area.
Drawing shows the (
1
) border (floor) of maxillary sinus, (
2) maxillary sinus, (3) septum in maxillary sinus dividing the sinus into two compartments, (4) zygomatic process of maxilla, (5) zygoma, and (6) lower border of zygomatic arch.
Slide20Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Radiograph
of maxillary premolar area.
This radiograph shows the
(
1
) border (floor) of maxillary sinus, (2) maxillary sinus, (3) zygomatic process of maxilla, (4) septum in maxillary sinus dividing the sinus into two compartments, (5) zygoma, and (6) inferior border of the zygomatic arch
Slide21Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Drawing
of maxillary molar area.
Illustrated in the drawing are the (
1
) border (floor) of maxillary sinus, (
2) maxillary sinus, (3) zygomatic process of maxilla, (4) zygoma, (5) septum in maxillary sinus, (6) lower border of zygomatic arch, (7) hamulus (hamular process), (8) maxillary tuberosity, and (9
) coronoid process (mandible)
Slide22Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Radiograph
of maxillary molar area.
This radiograph shows (
1
) border (floor) of maxillary sinus, (
2) maxillary sinus, (3) zygomatic process of maxilla, (4) zygoma, (5) lateral pterygoid plate, (6) lower border of zygomatic arch, (7) maxillary tuberosity, and (8) coronoid process of the mandible
Slide23Slide24Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Radiograph
of maxillary molar area.
This radiograph shows (
1
)
hamulus (hamular process), which is a downward projection of the medial pterygoid plate, (2) lateral pterygoid plate, (3) coronoid process of the mandible, (4) maxillary tuberosity, and (5) maxillary sinus
Slide25Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Coronoid
process of the mandible may be imaged on intraoral radiographs of the maxillary posterior region.
Note the position of the film holder when exposing a maxillary posterior
periapical
radiograph. The coronoid process of the mandible will most likely be imaged on this radiograph.
Slide26Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Drawing
of
mandibular
midline area.
The illustration shows (
1) mental ridge, (2) nutrient canal, (3) nutrient foramen, (4) genial tubercles, (5) lingual foramen, and (6) inferior border of mandible
Slide27Slide28Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Radiograph
of the
mandibular
midline area.
This radiograph shows the (
1) mental ridge, (2) nutrient canal, (3) nutrient foramen, (4) genial tubercles surrounding the (5) lingual foramen, and (6) inferior (lower) border of the mandible (radiopaque band of dense cortical bone).*Often times when the vertical angulation is too excessive- you see the cortical bone
Slide29Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Drawing
of
mandibular
canine area.
Illustrated in the drawing are a (
1) nutrient canal, and (2) torus mandibularis (lingual torus)
Slide30Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Radiograph
of
mandibular
canine area.
A (
1) nutrient canal, and (2) torus mandibularis (lingual torus) are seen in this radiograph
Slide31Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Drawing
of
mandibular
premolar area.
This drawing shows a (
1) torus mandibularis, (2) ext oblique ridge, (3) mylohyoid or internal ridge, (4) submandibular fossa, (5) mandibular canal, and (6) mental foramen
Slide32Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Radiograph
of
mandibular
premolar area.
Radiograph shows the (
1) submandibular fossa, (2) a thin radiolucent line indicating the periodontal ligament space, (3) thin radiopaque line representing the lamina dura, and (4) the mental foramen
Slide33Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Drawing
of
mandibular
molar area.
Drawing illustrates the (
1) ext oblique ridge, (2) mylohyoid or internal ridge, (3) submandibular fossa, and (4) mandibular canal
Slide34Slide35Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Radiograph
of
mandibular
molar area.
Shown are the (
1) oblique ridge (buccal), (2) mylohyoid ridge (lingual) (3) mandibular canal, and (4) submandibular fossa
Slide36Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Radiograph
of
mandibular
molar area.
Shown are the
(1) Ext oblique ridge,(2) mylohyoid or internal oblique ridge,(3) mandibular canal and (4) submandibular fossa
Slide37Radiographic Anatomy Basics
Slide38Slide39Slide40Slide41Slide42Slide43Slide44Slide45Dental Caries
Vertical
angulation
(
A
) Improper vertical
angulation (excessive) obliterates viewing this proximal surface carious lesion. (B) Proper vertical angulation shows interproximal caries
Slide46Dental Caries
Horizontal
angulation
.
(
1) Improper horizontal angulation prevents viewing interproximal caries. (2) Improved horizontal angulation, but caries difficult to view. (3) Proper horizontal angulation shows interproximal caries
Slide47Dental Caries
Slide48Interpreting Dental Caries
Diagram of classification of dental caries
(
1
)
Enamel caries less than halfway through the enamel (incipient caries) (2) Enamel caries penetrated over halfway through the enamel (moderate caries)(3) Caries definitely at or through the dentino-enamel junction (DEJ), but less than halfway through the dentin toward the pulp (advanced caries).(
4) Caries that has penetrated over halfway through the dentin toward the pulp (severe caries
)
Slide49Dental Caries
Slide50Slide51RAMPANT
Dental Caries
Slide52Interpreting Dental Caries
Drawing
indicating the area to examine for
interproximal
caries.
To best detect proximal surface caries, view the area where
two adjacent teeth contact, apical down to the area where the gingival margin would most likely be (boxed area). Cervical burnout is most likely to be imaged apical to the gingival margin.
Slide53Root caries?? Can be deceiving …..
Slide54Radiograph
of
occlusal
caries.
This radiograph shows (
1
) severe occlusal caries, which appears as a large radiolucent lesion in the first molar
Slide55Dental Caries
Slide56Dental Caries
Slide57Radiograph
of
buccal
or lingual caries.
Buccal
or lingual caries on this mandibular second premolar appears as a round radiolucency (superimposed over the pulp chamber) Dental Caries
Slide58Radiograph
of
cemental
(root) caries.
The large
radiolucency
on the distal surface of the distal root of the first mandibular molarDental Root Caries
Slide59Dental
Root
Caries
Slide60Radiograph of recurrent caries.
This radiograph shows (
1
) radiolucent caries under the metallic
restoration
Dental Recurrent Caries
Slide61Conditions Resembling Caries
Bitewing
radiograph.
This radiograph shows (
1
) large
occlusal caries, (2) radiolucent lines or mach band effect (an optical illusion caused by overlapped enamel), (3) interproximal caries, and (4) cervical burnout
Slide62Radiographic Appearance of Dental Restorative Material
Slide63Radiographic Appearance of Dental Restorative Material
Dental
materials.
This radiograph shows several metallic and non-metallic dental materials. Since all of the metal restorations are equally
radiopaque
, their size and shape is observed to determine the type of material. The materials present in this radiograph are: (
1) amalgam;(2) porcelain-fused-to-metal crown; (3) post and core; (4) gutta percha; (5) base material; (6) full metal crown, which is the posterior abutment of a three-unit bridge; (7) retention pin; and (8) metal pontic (part of the three-unit bridge).
Slide64Restorative Materials
Slide65Restorative Materials
Slide66Restorative Materials
Slide67Restorative Materials
Slide68This
radiograph shows (
1
) radiolucent
restorations (composites) on
the
mesial surface of the lateral incisor and distal surface of the central incisor. Note that under both restorations is a base of radiopaque material. (2) The radiolucencies on the mesial surfaces of both central incisors are carious lesions. Restorative Materials & Decay
Slide69Retention
pins.
(
1
)
Radiopaque
pins help retain the radiolucent composite restorations. (2) Small radiopaque amalgam restorations.
Slide7070
Restorative Materials
Slide71Restorative Materials
Slide72On
buccal
or lingual?
What kind of crowns?
What is this?!?
Slide73Restorative Materials
Slide74Normal bone levels just below CEJ
Bone Levels
Slide75Bone Levels