2016 Klaus Blaum MPI for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Chair of the INTC CERN Geneva September 7 th 2016 Motivation for experiments with radioactive ion and neutron beams ID: 1030060
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1. 2Physics Beyond Colliders 2016Klaus Blaum, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg Chair of the INTCCERN, Geneva, September 7th, 2016Motivation for experiments with radioactive ion and neutron beamsStringent tests of the SMFuture opportunitiesProbing the Standard Model with Radionuclides
2. 2Locations1.4 GeV20 GeV
3. 2Characteristics of a nucleusits weightits sizeits life-time/decayits shapeits mood (state)We have developed at ISOLDE and n_ToF unique tools to determine experimentally and to describe theoretically these characteristics.its e.m. property
4. 2Radioactive nuclides as probesTechniques: all available at ISOLDENuclear physicsAtomic physicsAstrophysicsNucleo-synthesisLife sciencesMaterialscienceTest of the SMInteractionsSymmetries
5. 2The ISOLDE radioactive beam facility Decay spectroscopy Coulomb excitation Transfer reactions Laser spectroscopy Beta-NMRPenning trapsApplications:Solid stateLife Sciences(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)HRSGPSRILIS(6): ISOLTRAP(4,5): COLLAPS/CRIS(5): VITO(1): IDS(2/3): MINIBALL – REX(7)HIE-ISOLDEMEDICIS>500 users, about 100 institutions, >800 isotopes1.4 GeV
6. 2Experimental toolsLasers for radiiand momentsDetectors fordecays / life timesN(t) = N0 e-t/tPenning trapsfor masseswc = qB / mPost-accelerationfor shapes
7. Test of the unitarityof the quark-mixing matrix Strong Interaction Binding between quarks within hadrons Weak Interaction Radioactive decay2The CKM matrix
8. 2Superallowed b-decayst1/2Dm, QBR
9. Unitarity contribution:95%5%0.001%VubVudVusCheck unitarity via first row elements:Vus and Vub from particle physics data (K and B meson decays)Vud (nuclear b-decay) = 0.97417(21)Vus (kaon-decay) = 0.2253(14)Vub (B meson decay) = 0.0037(5)Present status:Hardy&Towner, Phys. Rev. C 91 (2015) 0255010.99978(55)2Test of the CKM unitarityMore systems to be studied for more stringent tests.
10. 2The mass of the neutrinoNuclear masses for neutrino physicsDm, Qm(ne) < 2 eV/c2 (95% CL)
11. m(ne) < 225 eV/c2 (95% CL)Metallic Magnetic CalorimetryQ-value withdQ < 2 eVQ-value of EC in 163Ho Status in 20142The ECHo (163Ho) projectPRL 115 (2015) 062501A dm/m = 10-11 mass measurement (dQ < 2 eV) is needed!
12. 2EDM and parity violationNuclear structurefor parity violation and EDM searches+-+--+TPEDMSpinEDMSpinEDMSpinA permanent EDM violates both time-reversal symmetry and parity I, Q, mQ2, Q3, d<r2>
13. 2Octupole enhanced atomic EDMShiff moment enhanced by ~ 3 orders of magnitude in pear-shaped nuclei- = (|a - |b)/2 + = (|a + |b)/255 keV|a|bParity doubletI = ½t1/2 = 15 d
14. 2Pear-shaped nuclei at ISOLDEMore to come with the 10 MeV/u upgrade of HIE-ISOLDE.TSR
15. 2EDM measurement on 225RaTransversecoolingOven:225RaZeeman SlowerMagneto-opticalTrap (MOT)Optical dipoletrap (ODT)EDMmeasurementWhy trap 225Ra atoms Large enhancement: EDM (Ra) / EDM (Hg) ~ 102 – 103 Efficient use of the rare 225Ra atoms High electric field (> 100 kV/cm) Long coherence times (~ 100 s) Negligible “v x E” systematic effectP. Müller, ANLK. Jungmann/L. Willmann, ISOLDECourtesy of Peter MüllerIn addition:Parity violation measurementswith discovery potential at sin2 (qW)
16. 2The n_TOF facilityEAR1EAR2Neutron capture25Mg, 93Zr, 235U, 238UFission240,242Pu, 235U(n,a)33S, 59NiNuclear AstrophysicsNuclear technologiesMedical applicationsAng. Distrib. FF234,236U>100 members from 38 institutions
17. 2The cosmological Li problemApproximately 95% of primordial 7Li is produced from the electron capture decay of 7Be (T1/2=53.2 d).7Be is destroyed via (n,p) and (p,x), (d,x), (3He,x), … reactions. Small contribution of the (n,α) reactions according to estimated cross section.A serious discrepancy (factor 2-4) between the predicted abundance of 7Li and value inferred by measurements (Spite et al.)Only one direct measurement @ 25 meV P. Bassi et al., 1963 7Be(n,a)7Be(n,p)No data in energy range of interest for BBNM. Barbagallo et al., submitted to PRL (2016) The long-standing cosmological lithium problem remains unsolved. Alternative resonance in 8Be at around 20 MeV excitation energy could be responsible for the 7Li deficiency. Search at HIE-ISOLDE.
18. 2SummaryNuclear researchers and especially young scientists from both collaborations played a prominent role in this field of research; at ISOLDE as well as at n_ToF.Exciting results in physics with neutron and radioactive ion beams have been achieved …Thanks a lot for your attention!… with numerous applications in the search for physics beyond the SM