Veni Vidi Vici I came I saw I conquered How many words can you think of that are associated with Julius Caesar Caesar Salad Orange Julius Caesarian Section CSection July Little Caesars Pizza ID: 808289
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Slide1
Julius Caesar100 B.C.E. - 44 B.C.E.
Veni. Vidi. Vici.
I came. I saw. I conquered.
Slide2How many words can you think of that are associated with Julius Caesar
?
Slide3Caesar SaladOrange Julius
Caesarian Section (C-Section)
July!
Little Caesar's Pizza
pizza! pizza!
Slide4Caesar’s ideas still affect modern times:
365 day calendar, with a Leap Day every 4 years
Codes, such as Morse Code. He created the Caesar Substitution Cipher: every letter is replaced the with the letter 3 places down (A=D, B=E, etc.)
Ordered that libraries be built in every town, to encourage learning
Used a codex: literature in the form of books instead of scrolls
Of course, Caesar is most famous for being
a general and leader of the Roman Republic,
which became the Roman Empire.
The Roman Empire was
huge
.
Slide5The Roman Empire (117 CE)
Slide6Shakespeare’sThe Tragedy of Julius Caesar
(1599)
was the first play performed
in the Globe Theatre
.
William Shakespeare
Lived 1564-1616
Produced plays 1590-1613
Globe Theater
London, England
Slide7Educated English men learned about ancient Rome and considered the Romans to be their ancestors.
The Roman playwrights Seneca and Plautus were popular and admired influences on Elizabethan drama.
Shakespeare’s audience may have been fascinated by Caesar’s life and death: the story of a dictator becoming corrupt and ignoring the other branches of government, then being assassinated by his own friends. It might have reminded them of England’s own civil war, in the 1400s, which finally ended when Queen Elizabeth and the Tudor family came into power.
It had been over 1600 years…
Why would Shakespeare write a story about Caesar?
Slide8Historical FictionEven Shakespeare had to research for his plays.
His main source for
Julius Caesar
was Plutarch
,
a Greek philosopher who lived around 45-130
C.E.
Although the play is based on historical fact, Shakespeare made up plenty of details and probably changed quite a bit.
Slide9The Tragedy of Julius Caesar
is set in Rome, 44 B.C.
Before we jump in,
we need a little history.
Slide10The Roman RepublicBefore 509 BCE: Rome has a Senate which would elect a king for life.509 BCE: Romans drive out the last king, Tarquin the Proud, and establish a REPUBLIC.
still a Senate - many senators (make laws, control $$; majority required for votes)
Citizens would elect 2 Consuls, who would share power, for 1-year terms.
Tribunal - one or two tribunes (responsible for the needs of common people)
Now, all citizens (wealthy, Roman-born men) have a political voice.
Other people - including women, slaves, and people from other places - do not.
Slide11The Roman Republic, part 2
Before 59 BCE: Pompey and Crassus, two Roman leaders, have been fighting for some time. Meanwhile, Caesar has been leading the military, to great success.
59 BCE: All 3 are unhappy that the Senate does not do what they want, so they form an unofficial and secret FIRST TRIUMVIRATE. Caesar gets the other two to work together, and even arranges Pompey’s
marriage
to his own daughter, Julia. They agree to support each other’s goals, and take turns being Consul.
Eventually, the secret is revealed.
Slide12In 54 B.C.E., Caesar’s daughter, Julia, dies.
Tension flares between
the two men.
Pompey
Caesar
Slide13In 53 B.C.E. Crassus
di
es.
This end
s
the First Triumvirate and sets Pompey and Caesar against one another.
Slide1452BCEThe Senate support
s
Pompey and he be
comes
sole consul
.
Caesar,
continues to be
a military hero and a champion of the people. He
’
s the commander in Gaul and had planned on becoming consul when his term in Gaul was up
.The senate fears him and wants him to give up his army.
Slide15Caesar wrote the
Senate a letter in 50 B.C.E. and sa
id
he will give up his army if Pompey gives up his.
This, of course, ma
de
the
S
enate angry and they demanded that Caesar disband his army at once or be declared an enemy of the people. Legally, however, the
S
enate could not do that. Caesar was entitled by law to keep his army until his term was up.
Slide16Two tribunes--Marc
Antony and
Quintus Cassius
Longinus
--faithful to Caesar, vetoed the bill and were therefore expelled from the senate. They fle
d
to Caesar; the men asked the army for support against the senate. The army called for action and on January 19, 49 B.C., Caesar
cross
ed
the Rubicon into Italy. Civil war beganCaesar says, “Iacta alea est!” (The die is cast!) when he crosses the stream.
Crossing the Rubicon
is a
metaphor
for deliberately proceeding past a
point of no return
.
Slide17To sum it up, Caesar chased Pompey all the way to Egypt and “defeat
ed
” him.
He g
ot
a little sidetracked and h
u
ng out with Cleopatra
for a while…
Slide18When he returned to Rome, he
was now the
“tribune of the people”
and on the way to becoming
“dictator for life.”
Slide19This is where our play begins…
When it opens, we see some citizens in support of Caesar and some against him.
Slide20February* 15: The Feast of the Lupercal
What is that?
Lupercus was the fertility god the Romans worshipped. They would sacrifice goats and a dog. The goats’ blood would be smeared on the foreheads of two young men, then wiped off with wool dipped in milk. Then young men, wearing only strips of goatskin around their loins, ran around the city striking women with strips of goatskin. It was believed that pregnant women would have an easier labor and infertile women would become fertile.
*februaue actually means “to purify”
Slide21During this feast some of the conspirators discuss Caesar and what to do about him having too much power.
The plan to kill him
is hatched…
Slide22Would you be worried if someone told you something terrible would happen
to you in a month?
Slide23Beware the Ides of March...
Slide24Julius Caesar is warned to beware the ides of March. “
Ides
” means the middle of the month; he was warned that something bad would happen on March 15th, 44 B.C.
He is, in fact, killed on March 15th.
Slide25Themes
Misuse of Power
Corruptive Force of Power
Man’s Fallibility
The Inherent Jealousy and Selfishness of Man
Power Corrupts: Caesar is a dictator who is suspected of abusing his power; Cassius is so power hungry that he assassinates Caesar; Antony, Octavius, and Lepidus become even worse than Ceasar!
Slide26Themes, Continued
Honor found in loyalty and friendship
Corruption found in conspiracy and anarchy
Stability through political order
Viability of republic form of government
Countless books, movies and other theatre adaptations have built on the theme of a “friend’s betrayal”
Slide27Literary Focus
Mood
Setting
Overcast of impending doom, darkness and catastrophe
There is no trust left, only manipulation and corruption
Julius Caesar is largely set in Rome, 44 B.C.
Ancient Rome
Tiber River
the Capitol
the House of the Senate
The Forum
Slide28The Tragic Figure...
A tragic figure or hero is one who has a character flaw which causes them to act poorly or make poor decisions resulting in their downfall.
Slide29Julius Caesar
An ambitious and ruthless politician
Skilled general
Believe
s
that he
is
worthy of more power than just being the head of Rome; he want
s
to be crowned the leader of the entire Roman Empire.
His ambition led to his downfall
Long-time friend Brutus betrayed and stabbed him to stop him from becoming a tyrant.
Slide30Every Shakespearean tragedy has one. However, in Julius Caesar, the tragic hero is not the title character.
Slide31Shakespeare makes BRUTUS
a key figure in the play.
Slide32Brutus
Friend of Caesar and Honorable man
Feeling of patriotism, friends convince him that Caesar must die rather than become a tyrant.
His strong principles led him to allow rival Antony to speak at Caesar's funeral.
Slide33Calpurnia
Julius Caesar's sensible and loving wife
Warned her husband not to leave the house during the Ides of March after having a prophetic dream.
Calpurnia’s dream foreshadowed future events
Slide34Cassius
Becomes jealous of Caesar’s power and fearful he will abuse that power
Urges Brutus to
assassinate
both Caesar and Antony
Tries to convince Brutus to not allow Antony to speak at Caesar’s funeral
Slide35Marcus Mark Antony
Soldier and Caesar's right-hand man
Calculating and persuasive with words
Uses his influence to turn the people of Rome against Brutus
With Caesar slain, he seizes the opportunity to take control of Rome
Antony delivers Caesar’s funeral oration
Slide36As we read The Tragedy of Julius Caesar…
• We will discuss the conspiracy…
• We will discuss how Rome fell to mob rule after Caesar’s death… (remember mob rule in
To Kill a Mockingbird
…did that lead to civil unrest in the South?)
• We will discuss why history seems to repeat itself over and over again…
• And we will discuss our own flaws in our personalities and how we can prevent a tragedy in our lives by our everyday actions…
Slide37Just For Fun...Do you realize it when you are quoting Shakespeare?
(Yes, you DO quote Shakespeare!)
If you have ever said…
Slide38“Catch a cold”
“Laugh it off”
“Disgraceful conduct”
That’s “lousy”
“In a pickle”
I didn’t “sleep a wink”
It won’t “budge an inch”
I’ve “seen better days”
“Knit your brows”
“Vanish into thin air”
“Give the devil his due”
An “eye sore”
“Tongue-tied”
“Fair play”
“Foul play”
“Tower of strength”
“Dead as a doornail”
“Send him packing”
“That’s the long and short of it”
“Be that as it may”
“Fool’s paradise”
“As luck would have it”
“Lie low”
“Without rhyme or reason”
…you are quoting Shakespeare!
Slide39• “What the dickens?”• “Good riddance”
• “Flesh and blood”
• “A laughing stock”
• “For goodness’ sake!”
• “Green-eyed jealousy”
• “If the truth be known…”
• “Crack of doom”
•”Bloody-minded”
• “By Jove”
…you are quoting Shakespeare!
“Love is blind”
“Off with his head”
“Have seen better days”
“Wild goose chase”
“Night owl”
“Mums the word”
“A sorry sight”
“Eaten out of house and home”
Slide40…and it’s
“HIGH TIME
” you knew how much Shakespeare has influenced your life!
Slide41Comics related to Shakespeare & Julius Caesar…
Slide42Slide43Slide44Slide45All's Well That Ends Well...