mumps Mumps is acute self limited infection Mumps virus exist as a single immunotype and human are the only natural host Mode of spread person to person by respiratory droplets Virus appear in saliva from up to 7 days before to as long as 7 days after onset of parotid swelling ID: 907864
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Slide1
Viral infectionspolio ,mumps ,dengue fever
Slide2mumps
Mumps is acute self limited infection .
Mumps virus exist as a single
immunotype
and human are the only natural host .
Mode of spread : person to person by respiratory droplets .
Virus appear in saliva from up to 7 days before to as long as 7 days after onset of parotid swelling
Period of maximum infectiousness is 1-2 days before to 5 days after onset of parotid swelling
Slide3Slide4Clinical picture
Incubation period
prodrome
: last 1-2
Swelling:Tender
parotid ,ear pain on the
epsilateral
side .
Swelling subside in 7 days
Submandibular
glands may be involved
Slide5MUMPS
Slide6Differential diagnosis of parotid swelling
?
Slide7complication
?
Slide8Diagnosis and treatment
Clinically…………….
Investigation : leukopenia with relative thrombocytosis was a common finding, elevated serum amylase value , isolation of virus ,serologic tests .
Long lasting immunity
Prognosis excellent
Treatment : no specific antiviral therapy , symptomatic treatment
prevention : MMR vaccine
Slide9Aedes aegypti, the mosquito that spreads Dengue fever.
Slide10Do you know…
Dengue Fever (DF) and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) are the most common mosquito-borne viral disease in the world.
It can be fatal.
Slide11Characteristics of the
Aedes
Mosquito
One distinct physical feature – black and white stripes on its body and legs.
Bites during the day.
Lays its eggs in
stagnant water.
Close-up of an Aedes mosquito
Slide12How Do
Aedes
Mosquitoes Transmit Diseases...
Mosquito bites and sucks blood containing the virus from an infected person.
And passes the virus to healthy people when it bites them.
Slide13Symptoms of Dengue Fever
Example of a skin rash due to dengue fever
Slide14Laboratory finding
:
Pancytopenia
Clotting time
,
bleeding time ,
prothrombine
time ,and plasma fibrinogen value are within normal
Mild acidosis
Mild Elevated transaminases ,decrease protein value
Slide15NASAL HEMORRHAGING
Subcutaneous hemorrhage in child with DHF
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
Slide16Laboratory finding
:
Hemoconcentration
≥ 20%
Decrease protein value
Prolonged bleeding time ,decrease
prothrombine
level
Fibrin degradation products increased
Elevated transaminases
Complement consumption
Metabolic acidosis
Elevated BUN
Decrease Na ,CL level
X ray chest : pleural effusion
Slide17Diagnosis of dengue fever
High index of suspicion and knowledge about geographical distribution .
Increasing antibody titer (
Ig
G) to four folds or more .
Isolation of virus by PCR, complement fixation ,enzyme immunoassay .
Slide18WHO criteria for diagnosis of dengue hemorrhagic fever
:
1- fever 2-7 days
2-platelets < 100,000
3-haematocrit ≥ 20% ,pleural effusion ,ascites or
hypoalbuminemia
Dengue shock fever
:
Those for dengue hemorrhagic fever , hypotension ,tachycardia ,narrow pulse ≤ 20 and sign of poor perfusion .
Slide19treatment
Prevention: control of
breeding sites for the
mosquitoes
is key to control of the disease through control of the
vector .
Treatment of dengue fever is supportive
Treatment of dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock:
Check vital sign, HCT, S/E
Close monitoring in 24-48 h
IV fluid ,correct electrolyte
Fresh blood ,platelets , FFP may be needed
Aspirin is contraindicated
Slide20What is Poliomyelitis?
polio= gray matter
Myelitis= inflammation of the spinal cord
This disease result in the destruction of motor neurons caused by the poliovirus.
Polio is causes by a virus that attacks the nerve cells of the brain & spinal cord although not all infections result in sever injuries and paralysis.
Slide21Sequelae of polio infection
Polio infection
Inapparent infection
Clinical poliomyelitis
Abortive polio
(minor illness)
Involvement of CNS
(major illness)
Paralytic
polio
Non-paralytic
polio
Spinal polio
Bulbar polio
Bulbospinal polio
Slide22Slide23Complications and case fatality
?
Slide24Diagnosis and laboratory testing (cont.)
Virus isolation
The likelihood of poliovirus isolation is highest from stool specimens, intermediate from pharyngeal swabs, and very low from blood or spinal fluid.
Serologic testing
A four-fold titer rise
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis
Slide25Prevention
General prevention:
Health promotion through environmental sanitation.
Health education (modes of spread, protective value of vaccination). Active immunization:
Salk vaccine (intramuscular polio trivalent killed vaccine).
Sabin vaccine (oral polio trivalent live attenuated vaccine).