Comparison between agricultural holdings in the Farm register and agri - PDF document

1 1 Comparison between agricultural holdin
1 Comparison between agricultural holdings in the Farm register and agricultural holdings in the Business register Emma Wixe ICAS VII Seventh International Conference on Agricultural Statistics Rome 24-26 Oct F37 2 statistics about number of their type of farming. One (FR) and one is the Business register on which source is used, the number of agricultural holdings and the characteristics of the holdings differ, which makes statistics on agriculture incoherent and between these of identifiers (social security- or organisation numbers) that would imply that the possibilities to coordinate the the costs for both respregisters have “almost complete coverage of population”(2010) has studied the possibility to use the New Zealand (NZ) business frame for agricultural some significant benefits,like information in the BR, but also and in decision making. There is a need for coherent statistics on the the agricultural census, the agricultural holding is defined in (EC) No 1166/2008 as “a single unit both technically single management”. The threshold is based on number of hectares of arable land and animals and the type is decided in a developed for agricultural activities. organization of the census results are used to form a FR. The activities contributing to product (GDP) and their local ”. The agricultural actclassified in the NACE classification comparable to other entrepreneurial activities. In this paper micro level data from the expected that all agricultural holdings would between the registers.This paper will discuss if: -the BR can be used as a source in the next agricultural census round to possibly get faster,cheaper and more complete data-the information in BRcan improve the quality in the FR and vice versa-the response-burden can be reduced in the agricultural census. Concepts and definitionsEach member state in the European Union (EU) shall carry out surveys on the structure of agricultural holdings, the Farm Structure Survey (FSS), according to Regulation EC No 1166/2008. The aim of the FSS is to provide statistics on the structure of agricul

2 tural holdings and enable the udy of tre
tural holdings and enable the udy of trends at the European Community level. Since the results from the FSS are in line with the guidelines in WCA,e statistics are comparable in all FAO member states. WCA has a key role inthe system of integrated agricultural statistics. According to EC No 1166/2008 the surveys shall cover all agricultural holdings reaching one of the physical thresholds specified below: 3 More than 2.0 hectares of arable landMore than 5.0 hectares of agricultural landleast 200 m² under glassAt least 2500 m² outdoor horticultural cultivationPossessed at least: 10 cattle or 10 sows or 50 pigs or 20 ewes or 1000 poultry (incl.chickens) on the reference day in JuneThe FSS is the main source to form the Swedish Farm register (FR). The information in the census is collected both through postal questionnaires and administrative registers. In the FR informationabout the holder, the area of different crops and number of animals is included. Other information also included in the census regarding other gainful activities directly related to the holding (OGA) and people working on the agricultural holding. The Business register (BR) is regulated in (EC) 177/2008 aiming at “a common frameworkfor business registers for statistical purposes in the European community”. According to Council Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 the register shall be compiled of “all enterprises carrying on economic activities contributing to the gross domestic product (GDB), and their local units”. In Sweden this means that the register contains all legal persons and natural persons who fulfill at least one of the following criteria, and estates of deceased persons fulfilling at least one of the first two of the following criteria: Registered for VATRegistered as employerHaving a registered firmRegistered for F-tax (business tax) wedish BR is a part of tatistic Sweden'(SCBbusiness databaseIt is mainly ed as a population register, sample fraand as a co-ordination tool n Statistics Sweden. mainly ated with information from the wedish National Tax oard, other administrative egis

3 testatistical surveyand external users.
testatistical surveyand external users. Type of farming In the , type farming nd the e of the agricultural holding are defined by wedish typology. The ypology is based on standard labour equirement. These estimates are ased on hectares of differecrops and number animals. The ngs are then differentiated by the scale uction. In the BR, the economic enterprare classifiein accordance with the Standard for Swedish Classification of onomic tivities (SNI . The classification is in line witNACE and generally International StandaIndustrial Classification of All Economic tivities (ISIC),which makes the register comparable witother EU and Umember states. Other gainful tivity tly related to the holding (OGA) In the FR, OGA is an economic activity, but not an agricultural activity, in which the resources from the agricultural holding are used. The resources could for example be land, buildings, machines or products. Forestry is not an OGA. In the BR,each firm can register several economic activities. In this research, activity one through five are included. The first (primary) activity has the most economic importance to the 4 years or older, who worked at least one hour agricultural holding during one year are in the FR, regardless of economic can be either In theBR, the number of employees does not have of the company based on Due to this, the register was merged with the FR. RAMS is the main source statistics in Sweden. It contains all enterprise, the activity enterprise must main employment, i.e. no generates a for that person in November. It can be either the business owners, such as sole active firm, or employed persons according to the income statement (KU). Persons between 16 74 years old the definition is narrower in RAMS were included for year 2010 and 2013. In activities classified within NACE A1 Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities, except 1.7 Hunting, trapping and related service included. A company can and the firstthrough fifth activity are As mentioned above,RAMSwas used in the matching BR have using the social security number

4 or organisation number. This unique an
or organisation number. This unique an agricultural holding can contain several persons, it is the that has been used in the merging and ere is no If several family members are units in the BR in the FR. This challenge also corresponds the findings of Watt (2010). was 67 146 in 2013. That is a decrease includes all economic enterprisesclassified within an agricultural activity (NACE 1.11.6), first activity agricultural holdings ICAS VII Seventh International Conference on Agricultural Statistics Rome 24-26 October 2016 5 67 146 Farm register Business register 130 -of which 128 456-3 945activeprimary activity 109 774 6 851 The number of agricultural holdings in the BR that could be matched with the FRwas 61 370 or 47 % 2013. In the FR, 79 % of the agricultural holdingscould be matchwiththe agricultural holdings in the BR 2013. Table 2:Number of units distributed by matching result Hit against Physical person Legal person Wife/ husband Other persons Total Register 2010 2013 2010 2013 2010 2013 2010 2013 2010 2013 FR BR 47 46 4 018 4 1 483 1 483 1 BR FR 56 304 57 083 4 4 . . . 53 867 53 150 60 500 61 370 4.2 Type of farming The agricultural holdings in the FR and BR are divided by type of farming. In the FR,type of farming is based on the Swedish typology which is not fully consistent with the types in theSNI/NACE. In the FR almost 24 500 holdings or 36 % are classified as Small farms in 2013. Small farm means that standard labour requirement is less than 400 hours per year. In the Babout 50 %of the enterprises are classified as Mixed farming which includes a combined production of cropsand animals but no specialised production. Table 3:Type of farming in the Farm register and in the Business register The Farm register The Business register 2010 2013 Diff. 2010 2013 Diff. Main-, basic-, Detailed type (Swedish typology) 1.Crop production 20 310 18 668 -1 642 24 174 -471 18 596 16 753 682 791 109 741 885 -1 843 144 509 534 370 403 27 564 28 103 539 -11 Field crops -12 Vegetables- ornamental- and nursery plants -13 Fruit and berries -14 Mixed crop produ

5 ction 603 627 Division, Group, Class (SN
ction 603 627 Division, Group, Class (SNI/NACE) 1.1 Growing of non-perennial crops 1.2 Growing of perennial crops 1.3 Plant propagation 1.4 Animal production Including 20 687 19 679 -1 008 6 693 6 574 -119 2.Animal husbandry-21 Cattle 15 459 13 770 -1 689 8 958 8 892 - 211 Dairy cows 5 032 4 042 -990 4 162 4 199 212 Beef cattle 10 060 9 307 -753 213 Mixed 367 421 3 016 3 231 215 2 874 3 597 723 1067 1 000 599 501 - 501 538 194 180 3 151 3 633 482 - 22 Sheep - 23 Pigs - 24 Poultry- 25 Mixed animal husbandry1 561 1 631 60 450 70 093 9 643 3.Mixed farming5 048 4 301 -747 -1.41 Raising of dairy cattle-1.42 Raising of other cattleand buffaloes -1.43 Raising of horses and other equines -1.44 Raising of camels and camelids-1.45 Raising of sheep and goats -1.46 Raising of swine/pigs -1.47 Raising of poultry-1.49 Raising of other animals1.5 Mixed farming1.6 Support activities toagriculture and post-harvest crop activities 5 220 7 018 1 798 25 046 24 498 -548 9.Small farmsTotal 71 091 67 146 -3 945 Total 118 599 130 242 11 643 Figure presents the share of agricultural holdings, in the FR, in each type of farming that is possible to match against the BR. Among the agricultural holdings with pig production or dairy In the Business Register an enterprise is regarded as active if it is registered for VAT and/or has employees and/or if it is registered for F-tax (business tax). The number includes both enterprises classified as active and not active. 6 cows, 97 % and 96 % respectively BR in 2013. Almost 24 500 was found in the BR. each type of farming in the matching FR and Type f farming ay not be the in the FRand in the R due to the ferent classification methods. Among the 97 % ngwith pig uction in the R thacould be matchwith the R, 64 % re found in the orresponding economic activity 1.4.6 Raising of swine/pigs in the R. 30 % of the with pig uction was classified as 1.5.0 Mixed farmingIn total, 39 % of gricultural holdings in the R thatcould be matched against the BR are ound in 1.5.0 Mixed farming 2013. Bear in mind that the FR has several mixed farming type

6 s, see igure Among the 39 % of the gricu
s, see igure Among the 39 % of the gricultural holdings in the that were found in the economic ctivity 0 Mixed farming, are classified in some of mixefarming types.However, the emaining ectype of farming the FR compared with the BR. 4.3 Other gainful tivities In the , 55 165 agricultural holdings or 42 % ad an activity at is not griculture. The type farming ere hest share ad another activity Raising s, 67 % of the holdings, followed by upport activities for rop production and animal productionIn the ,25 059 or 37 % of the gricultural holdings had registerean OGA in xed crop production and Poultry ad the highest share f holdings with A, 51 % each. Figure 2 presents the share agricultural holdings in the Rwithout OGA istributed by rimary r secondary activity in the BR76 % of the agricultural holdingwithoutOGA in the could be matched with the BR. 69 % ings have griculture as primary ctivity nd the remaining 7,5 % ave that is not agriculture. 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%Crop productionVegetables-ornamental-and nursery plantsFruit and berriesMixed crop productionCattle, total-Dairy cows-Beef cattle-MixedPigsPoultryMixed animal husbandryMixed farming (crop)Mixed farming (animal)Small farms 2010 2013 7 4.4 Employment In the FR, a total number of 105 543 persons were employedin 2013, not including the business owner.The total number of employees was 124 persons in 2013 according to RAMS. Table 4: Number of employed in the Farm register and in RAMS Farm register Number of 2013 2010 2013 67 146 40060 39031 Agricultural holdings Employment 105543 57487 57124 -of which: 88463 41874 41049 sole traders limited company 15766 17079 15613 16075 Discussion and conclusion5.1 Discussion The results of this paper indicate that the populations in the Fand the Bdiffer.This is mainly due to the different purposes. The BR is supposed to contain all enterprises witheconomic activities.Meanwhile, in the FR, all agricultural holdings need to be within the specified thresholds gister, regardless of economic impact. In Sweden, the number of agricultural holdings he BR are signifi

7 cantly higher than in the FR. This indic
cantly higher than in the FR. This indicates that there is a lot of enterprises withrelatively small agricultural activities in the BR who are not meeting the minimum thresholds conditions of the FR. Also, a number of enterprises in the BR are, for exampleenterprises that have agricultural income from renting out land.Therefore, contrary to one of the challenges that Watt (2010) struggled with,the thresholds are lower in the BR than in the FR. In the BR, there are alsoenterprises that raise horses and other animals, including reindeer and pets, includedbut they are not in the FR. Also, one holding in the FR can be linked to several economic enterprises in the BR.Due to these differences,the number of agricultural holdings is not consistent.Table 1 shows that there is an increase in the number of agricultural holdings in the BRbetween 2010 and 2013. main reason for this methodology changes regarding activity status. 2010 a large number enterprises were disconnected from their economic activity (NACE)011 the rules changedagain meaning that most of the disconnected enterprises wereconnected to the economic activity, increasing the numbers.Thisindicatesthat a number of the enterprises contributes very ttle to GDP and that they areone the vergeof beingexcluded from the BR.Table 3 presents that a large share of the agricultural holdings in the BR are classified asMixed farming (NACE 1.5). Also, 39 % of the holdings in the could be matched against the BR were classified as Mixed farming while at least half of them had a more specified type of rming in the FR.This means that the NACE classification quality in the BR can be improved by using the FR data on type of farming. Table 3 also presents the number of holdings with dairy cows. PrimarySecondary SNI/NACE Agriculture SNI/NACE Not agriculture No secondary activity No match 8 In the FR, the number of holdings with extremely reliable because each head of cattle is labeled and belongs to a given place of production and the merged with registers of agricultural holdings delivering indicates that the BR probably overest

8 imatesthe number of holdings with dairy
imatesthe number of holdings with dairy cows, perhaps due NACE codes. Figure 1 presents BR. This example classification quality in the total share of holdings with economic activities beyond agriculture in the BR,there registers.Figure 2 presents that 7.5 % of the aricultural holdings in the FR that did not an OGA in the agricultural census did have a primary which was not agricultural in the there is a possibility improve the OGA for some of these agricultural holdings. It also indicates that there possibility to reduce response burden and improve the quality for each of the agricultural holdings in the with the BR due to the information on primary Table 4 presents thatthe number of employees in limited companies are quite similar in and RAMS. This can be explained by registered firms with payed employees. This makes it increase the quality of employment variable in In order to use information from the situation would be if the registers where expect due to: the FR and the BR having different purposes,different base regulationsand thresholds andthereforethe definition of an agricultural holding, type of farming etc. is not identical.owever,the resultsof this paper show that: It is possible to improve the quality in NACE classification of enterprises in the BR with theinformation from the FR and in that way facilitate the merging the registerse information on non-agriculturalactivities in the BR can be used to reduce the response-burden regarding OGA for somagricultural holdings in the agricultural census and possiblreduce the non-response rateIt is possible to use the number of employees in limited companies from RAMS to reducethe response-burden in the agricultural censusThe results also show that users need to be aware of the differences between the registers in order to make evidence-based decisions on agriculture. REFERENCES Wallgren A., Wallgren B. (2014). Register-based Statistics. Statistical Methods for Administrative . 2: 30-31 Watt J. (2010). Agricultural Production Survey Frames: Changes over time, issues, and challenges.Statistics New Zealand F37