Topic -Immulogy Presented by - PowerPoint Presentation

1. Topic -ImmulogyPresented byKavisha K Patidar Assistant ProfessorDepartment of MicrobiologyDeogiri College, Aurangabad

2. Department of microbiology Paper VIIIImmunologySemester- IIIUnit- 1Topic -Normal FloraTeacher –Kavisha K Patidar

3. Normal flora • The term “normal microbial flora” denotes the population of microorganisms that inhabit the skin and mucous membranes of healthy normal persons. • The skin and mucous variety of microorganisms that can be arranged into two groups: Resident flora: The resident flora consists of relatively fixed types of microorganisms regularly found in a given area at a given age; If disturbed, it promptly re-establishes itself.

4. Transient flora :- It consists of non-pathogenic or potentially pathogenic microorganisms that inhabit the skin or mucous membranes for hours, days, or weeks. It is derived from the environment, does not produce disease, and does not establish itself permanently on the surface.

5. Role /advantages and disadvantages of normal floraNormal flora may aid the host in several ways: a) Antibiotic substance produced by some, have harmful effect on pathogens.b) Raise the overall immune status of host against pathogens having related and shared antigen.c) Protect the host from colonization with pathogenic microbes. They can cause disease in the following: a) When individuals become immunocompromised. b) When they change their usual anatomic location. c) Certain streptococci of the mouth cause dental caries.

6. Sterile areaIn a healthy human, the internal tissues such as:• blood • brain • muscle • cerbrospinal fluid (csf.) are normally free of microorganisms.

7. FACTORS INFLUENCING NORMAL FLORALocal Environment (pH, temperature, O2, H2O, and nutrient levels…). Diet Age Health condition (immune activity…) Antibiotics,…..etc

8. Normal flora of SkinStaphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus viridansStaphylococcus haemolyticus Staphylococcus capitis Streptococcus pyogenes Micrococcus luteus Corynebacterium xerosis Propionibacterium spp Candida albicansDiptheroids

9. CONJUNCTIVARelatively free from microorganisms due to the flushing action of tears and presence of lysozyme in tears.Corynebacterium xerosis Moraxella spp Staphylococcus epidermidisNon haemolytic Streptococci

10. NOSE, NASOPHARYNX AND SINUSESCorynebacterium sppStaphylococcus spp Streptococcus sppHaemophilus sppMoraxella lacunata P.aeruginosa, Proteus spp – occasionally found

11. MOUTH AND UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACTMouthPigmented and non pigmented micrococci Gram+ aerobic spore bearing bacilli Coliforms, Proteus, Lactobacilli Gum pockets and Tonsils Anaerobic micrococci, Anaerobic streptococci Vibrios, Fusiform bacilli, Corynebacterium spp Actinomyces, Mycoplasma, Treponema Neisseria, BacteroidesWithin 12hrs after birth alpha hemolytic streptococci are found in the upper respiratory tract.

12. GASTROINTESTINAL TRACTGI of foetus is sterile. It becomes contaminated with organism shortly after birth Breast fed children Lactobacillus bifidus Enterococci Colon bacilli Staphylococci Bottle fed children Lactobacillus acidophilus Enterococci Colon bacilli

13. Stomach – pH is low – sterile Small intestine Lactobacilli Streptococci Enterobacteria BacteroidesLarge intestine Anaerobic StreptococciAnaerobic lactobacilliClostridium spp, Bacteroides spp, Coliforms Enterococci Proteus Pseudomonas Candida

14. GENITOURINARY TRACTM.smegmatis – genitalia of male and femaleMicroflora of genitalia of menLactobacilli Gardnerella vaginalisAlpha haemolytic streptococci Bacteroides sppChlamydia tracUreaplasma urealyticumhomatis

15. GENITOURINARY TRACTMicroflora of vaginaLactobacilli, Bifidobacterium Peptostreptococcus, PropionibacteriumStaphylococcus, StreptococcusCorynebacterium, Neisseria,Haemophilus, EnterobacteriaceaeNon pathogenic TreponemaCandida spp

16. Thank you