organs Faculty of Pharmacy 2nd Histology practice Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Blood Composition of blood CELLULAR COMPONENTS Red blood cells ID: 1039707
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1. Blood, vessels, lymphatic organs Faculty of Pharmacy2nd Histology practiceDepartment of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology
2. Blood
3. Composition of bloodCELLULAR COMPONENTSRed blood cells (erythrocytes)-99% of the cells-oxygen and carbon dioxide transportWhite blood cells(leukocytes)-defence of the organismPlatelets(thrombocytes)- blood clotting PLASMA-55 % of the blood-water-electrolytes-proteins albumin fibrinogen globulins-transported molecules (mostly transported bound to proteins) nutrients, vitamins, trace elements metabolic products hormones fatty substances
4. Blood smear and May-GrĂĽnwald Giemsa staining to study the morphology of blood cellsone drop of blood
5. erythrocyteseosinophil neutrophil basophil granulocytes monocytesmall medium lymphocyte neutrophilgranulocyteCells in the blood smear
6. Red blood cells (erythrocytes)-no cell nucleus-disk-shaped, concave on both sides, (special cytoskeleton with spektrin molecules)Function:O2 and CO2 transportlifespan: 120 days, mostly broken down in the spleen and in the liver (iron: stored, reused,
7. Platelets (thrombocytes)-cytoplasm fragments which derives from megakaryocytes (giant cells in the bone marrow) -lifespan: 5-10 days250-300 000/mm32-3 mmFunction:blood clotting
8. Neutrophil granulocyte-size: 10-15 mm-segmented nucleus (3-5 lobes)-small granules in the citoplasm60-70% of white blood cellsalso called phagocytes because they phagocytose foreign material (first cells to reach the site of an inflammation)part of the nonspecific immune systemNeutrophil Chasehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFOus8ehxUc
9. Eosinophil granulocyte-size: 10-15 mm;-two-lobed nucleus-eozinophil granules containing histamin, crystals can be detected by EM -1-6% of white blood cells-are capable of phagocytosis (Ag-Ab complexes), in allergic reactions they bound to and inactivate excess histamine (from mast cells or basophils)
10. Basophil granulocyte- size: 10-15 mmsegmented nucleus (not seen because of the granules)many, large, basophil cytoplasmic granules (heparin, histamine).0-1% of white blood cellseffector cells in allergy, immediate hypersensitivity
11. Monocytes-size: 15-20 mm (largest WBC!)-ovale or kidney-shaped nucleus, numerous lysosomes in the cytoplasm-precursors of tissue macrophages2-6 % of white blood cellsFunction:coordination of cellular and humoral immune response
12. Lymphocytes-size: 8-10 mm-round-shaped nucleus, organellum rich citoplasm-20-40 % of whit blood cellsFunctions:cells of the specific (humoral and cellular) immunitySubtypes:B- and T-lymphocytesNK cells (against tumor cells)activated lymphocytes increase their cytoplasm and rER
13. Blood vessels
14. The vascular system, vessel wall
15. Histology of circulatory systemTunica intima Tunica media: Tunica adventitia: arteryarteriolecapillary
16. Lymphoid organs
17. TonsilsIn the mucosa, local immunological protectionWaldeyer’s lymphatic ring: pharynx, palate, auditory tube, root of the tongueEpithelial covering depends on the location and lymphoreticular tissue, no sinuses
18. General structure of the tonsilsFolliclesInterfollicular areaTonsillar cryptsLymphoid infiltration with macrophagesReticular epitheliumDiscontinous lamina basalishttp://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/1999
19. Lymph flow: aff. lymph vessels, subcapsular sinuses, cortical sinuses, intermediate or trabecular sinuses, medullary sinuses, terminal sinuses.During the passage the lymph is filtered and modified by the immune cells.Finally lymph is collected by the efferent lymphatics.
20. THYMUS HISTOLOGYCT capsule, trabeculae, incomplete lobules, cortex stains more darkly
21. Sections and structures to identify
22. 37. Blood smear (MGG)RBCplateleteosinophilneutrophillymphocytemonocyte
23. 19. Artery and vein (HE)arteryveintunica intimatunica mediatunica adventitia