8Reading Critically Be a critical reader 共同教育中心 李維晏老師 本著作除另有註明 外採取 創用CC姓名標示非商業性相同方式分享臺灣30版 ID: 410160
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新生講座8.Reading Critically : Be a critical reader
共同教育中心 李維晏老師
【
本著作除另有註明外，採取創用CC「姓名標示－非商業性－相同方式分享」臺灣3.0版授權釋出】 Slide2
Critical ThinkingProblem Identified
Hypothesis Formulated
Data Gathered
Hypothesis Tested Conclusion DrawnAsk appropriate questions Gather relevant information Efficiently Process information Logically reason relationships Draw reliable conclusions/ generalizations2Slide3
Critical Thinking & Critical ReadingAsk appropriate
questions
Gather
relevant information Efficiently Process information Logically reason relationships Draw reliable conclusions/ generalizations3
“Children must be taught how to think, not what to think.”
~Margaret Mead~Slide4
Sample Reading
Things NOT to Say to American Indian Coworkers
a. Hey, Chief. b. What’s your favorite movie? c. How old are you? d. Have you gained some weight recently?Slide5
Sample Reading
Things NOT to Say to American Indian
Coworkers
Questions : What Why Who Where When How Slide6
Sample Reading
Things NOT to Say to American Indian Coworkers
1. How Indian are you?
2. Hey, Chief.3. Squaw.4. Hold down the fort.5. Don’t you get everything for free?6. Do you live in a teepee?7. That’s a nice costume.8. I’m part Cherokee. 9. Indian-giver.10. You guys just need to stop living in the past!
Ref. [3] [4] [5] Slide7
Sample Reading
Things NOT to Say to American Indian Coworkers
Hold down the fort
In a general context, “hold down the fort” simply refers to leaving someone in charge. But when said in reference to American Indians, it may be interpreted to mean “watch out for the Indians.” “Historically, forts in America were built to hold back the Indians,” says Waters, “this implies that Indians are always on the ‘war path.’”Ref. [3]Slide8
Squaw
While there are different opinions as to the exact meaning and origin of the word “squaw,” that doesn’t give you free license to use it with American Indians, male or female. The word is believed to have come from the Algonquian Indian term for “woman,” but it began taking on derogatory meanings as early as the 19th century, and many now see it as a reference to a woman’s sexual organs. “Squaw, with most Indian males and females, is offensive,” says Waters
.
Ref. [3]Slide9
Reading Strategies & Procedures
Things NOT to Say to American Indian Coworkers
a. Hey, Chief. b. What’s your favorite movie? c. How old are you? d. Have you gained some weight recently?Skimming 1:Read the title, sub-titles
Guess the main ideasSlide10
Skimming 1:
(3) Read the guiding questions
(4) Make predictions
Questions : What Why Who Where When HowSlide11
Reading Strategies & Procedures
1. How Indian are you?
2. Hey, Chief.
3. Squaw.4. Hold down the fort.5. Don’t you get everything for free?6. Do you live in a teepee?7. That’s a nice costume.8. I’m part Cherokee. 9. Indian-giver.10. You guys just need to stop living in the past!
Ref. [3] [4] [5]
Skimming 2 :
Read the 1
st
& 2
nd
sentences
and the last sentence of
each mini-section.
Confirm the main idea(s)
Identify questions/ problemsSlide12
Reading Strategies & Procedures
Hold down the fort
In a general context, “hold down the fort” simply refers to leaving someone in charge. But when said in reference to American Indians, it may be interpreted to mean “watch out for the Indians.” “Historically, forts in America were built to hold back the Indians,” says Waters, “this implies that Indians are always on the ‘war path.’”
Ref. [3]
Scanning:
Read carefully.
Answer the
Wh
- Qs. Slide13
Reading Strategies & Procedures
Squaw
While there are different opinions as to the exact meaning and origin of the word “squaw,” that doesn’t give you free license to use it with American Indians, male or female. The word is believed to have come from the Algonquian Indian term for “woman,” but it began taking on derogatory meanings as early as the 19th century, and many now see it as a reference to a woman’s sexual organs. “Squaw, with most Indian males and females, is offensive,” says Waters.
Ref. [3]
Inferring:
Associate details.
Recover the meaning
from context.Slide14
Reading Strategies & Procedures
Things NOT to Say to American Indian Coworkers
1. How Indian are you?
2. Hey, Chief.3. Squaw.4. Hold down the fort.5. Don’t you get everything for free?6. Do you live in a teepee?7. That’s a nice costume.8. I’m part Cherokee. 9. Indian-giver.10. You guys just need to stop living in the past!
Ref. [3] [4] [5]
Summarizing &
Note-TakingSlide15
Critical Reading
ReadingCritical Reading
Active-ness
InvestigationReflectionPassive-nessComprehensionExtensionSlide16
Be a Critical Reader
Onion Peeling Concept
Biased
、Distorted、PrejudicedObjectivity、IntegrityFair-mindedness
Ref. [6] Slide17
Factor 1: KnowledgeFactor 2: Ability
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Spinning_Dancer.gifSlide18
Factor 3: Personal Backgrounds
Ref. [7]
Video :
Selective attention testDaniel Simons and Christopher Chabris (1999)Slide19
Factor 4: The Completeness of the material
Video : Guardian TV Ad Newspapers Point Of View SkinheadSlide20
Sample Reading
Things NOT to Say to American Indian Coworkers
1. How Indian are you?
2. Hey, Chief.3. Squaw.4. Hold down the fort.5. Don’t you get everything for free?6. Do you live in a teepee?7. That’s a nice costume.8. I’m part Cherokee. 9. Indian-giver.10. You guys just need to stop living in the past!Slide21
Useful Information & HW
Being a critical individual:
Find 3 useful resources for training reading skills.
Share your findings.Useful resources will be introduced by the teacher next week.Slide22
Study Hard, Play Harder!
USEFUL RESOURCEEdward M. Glaser (1941).
An Experiment in the Development of Critical Thinking. New York, Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University.
ISBN 0-404-55843-7.Reynolds, Martin. (2011). Critical thinking and systems thinking: towards a critical literacy for systems thinking in practice“, p. 37-68.Facione, PA. (2011). “Critical Thinking: What It is and Why it Counts”. Slide23
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頁碼
作品
版權標示來源/作者2wikicommons/LadyofHatshttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Newton_portrait_with_apple_tree.svg本著作以創用CC0釋出，屬於公眾領域作品。3“Children must be taught how to think, not what to think.”Goodreads/Margaret Mead (1901-1978)https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/61107.Margaret_Mead 依據著作權法第 46、52、65 條合理使用。
7,12Hold down the fort……war path
Things Not to Say to American Indian Coworkers
/
Diversityinc
/
Rick Waters
http://www.diversityinc.com/things-not-to-say/things-never-to-say-to-american-indian-coworkers
依據著作權法第
46
、
52
、
65
條合理使用。
8,13
Squaw
While…… Waters
Things Not to Say to American Indian Coworkers
/
Diversityinc
/
Rick Watershttp://www.diversityinc.com/things-not-to-say/things-never-to-say-to-american-indian-coworkers依據著作權法第 46
、52、65 條合理使用。Slide24
版權聲明
頁碼
作品
版權標示來源/作者16wikicommons / Donovan Govan.http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onion.jpg 本著作以創用CC BY-SA授權釋出17Wikicommons / Nobuyuki Kayaharahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Spinning_Dancer.gif 本著作以創用CC BY-SA授權釋出。
2, 3 Ask …...generalizations
Shafersman
, S. D. (1991). An introduction to critical thinking. Retrieved
http://www.freeinquiry.com/critical-thinking
依據著作權法第
46
、
52
、
65
條合理使用。
15
Reading……Reflection
台大李維晏老師
本著作以創用
CC BY-NC-SA
授權釋出
。
16
Biased……
mindedness
台大李維晏老師
本著作以創用
CC BY-NC-SA授權釋出。