A Protocooperation - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

A Protocooperation-based Sleep-Wake Architecturefor Next Generation Green Cellular Access Networks

Md. Farhad Hossain, Kumudu S. Munasinghe and Abbas Jamalipour

Presented by

: Yasser MohammedSlide2

Motivations and ResultsOver 80% of the energy in cellular networks is consumed at the access networks. In order to reduce the carbon footprint generated by cellular networks

a novel energy efficient cellular access network architecture is proposed. With the adoption of the wake-up technology, base transceiver stations (BTSs) are made to protocooperate

with each other to achieve higher energy efficiency within a cellular access network.

Using the proposed network architecture and sleep-awake algorithm, energy in the order of

73%

can be saved in individual base stations.Slide3

OutlineSection 2: Literature Survey

Motivation behind providing energy efficient access networks and the proposed systemSection 3: Ecological Balance and SustainabilityHow concepts of ecological balance can be applied to today’s homogeneous and future heterogeneous networks to develop a sustainable network infrastructure

Section 4: Proposed Architecture

Examine the current cellular access networks. Propose the new network architecture and wake-up enabled base stations and examine their benefits

Section 5: Proposed Algorithm

Analyze the Sleep-Wake (SLAKE) algorithm

Section 6: Simulation and ResultsSlide4

Sections 2 and 3BackgroundSlide5

The radio access networks consumed

80% of the total energy consumed by cellular network infrastructureMore than 50% of cell-site operating expenditure is spent to power up

base

stations

Some suggested methods to save energy in cellular networks

shutting down some BTSs during low traffic time

high efficiency transmission scheduling

decreasing the size of the cells

design of improved BTSs which requires less cooling

sharing BTSs among different operators

using sectored cells

using renewable energy sourcesSlide6

Wake up technology has shown great potential in other fields of applications such as Personal Computers,

Wi-Fi, Wireless Sensor Networks and EthernetFactors to consider when applying similar wake-up schemes in cellular networks:highly dynamic nature of the network due to roaming

users between

BTSs

unpredictable

mobility pattern

channel

holding times of

users

maintaining

QoS

of

the services

wide

coverage area per

BTS

limited BTS

capacity

time variant channel characteristicsSlide7

Protocooperation is one of the ecological interactions by which two interacting species gain benefit through cooperation. However, this type of cooperation is not compulsory for

the survival of any of these two species.Different types of interactions among large number of homogeneous and heterogeneous components in an ecosystem play a key role in maintaining its sustainability.NGMN is considered as an ecosystem, then different networks connected to the NGMN can be thought to be analogous to different components of the Earth’s heterogeneous ecosystem.

If communication networks are developed based on the principle of sustainability of the ecosystem those networks would be also self-sustainable.Slide8

Proposed architecture and algorithmHow they obtained their results…Slide9

Sleep-Wake up enabled base stationsBase stations have 3 modes of operation: active, sleep and OFF

Active mode:BS is fully functional and both transmission and reception continue as normalSleep mode:a ‘wake-up module’ is located at each BS which will remain active to ‘sense’ or ‘hear’ any request from other BSs to switch in to active mode in the event of higher traffic arrival rates or the sudden failure of a neighbouring BS

OFF mode:

The BTSs will remain disconnected from the power supply.Slide10

Protocooperative Cellular Access Networks

Cooperation happens through:traffic sharingbandwidth sharingintelligent handoversexchange of information on channel conditions

n

etwork loadingSlide11

SLAKE algorithmSlide12

Simulation and resultsFacts, Figures and NumbersSlide13

Simulation SetupMATLAB

simulations180 overlapping macro cells having equal capacity of circular shapeFunction used to generate traffic pattern at each BS cell:Transmit power of carrier frequencies of acceptor BSs is programmable, power increment will be allowed if necessaryCells are sectored and hence the BSs are equipped with directional antennas such that any power increment can be accomplished only in the specified direction for eliminating any deteriorating interference problems

Slide14

The simulation time represents 24 hours of a day, which has been performed for three different cases: similar

traffic pattern for each BS, i.e., peak time and off-peak time coincides in all the BTSsmoderate variations in traffic patterns, i.e., peak time

and off-peak time varies moderately among the

BSs

relatively

high variations

in traffic patterns, i.e.,

peak time

and off-peak time varies relatively high among the

BSs

.Slide15

BS saves

72.9% energy consumption in comparison to always active operating mode.Certain period (14:00 hrs to 18:30 hrs) of its active time, it carries more traffic than it would

have been carried out in an ‘Always-ON’ cellular systemSlide16
Slide17

A

verage sleeping time for the three scenarios is 10.2, 9.7 and 7.2 hours respectively and hence, energy savings are

42.5%

,

41.0%

and

30%

respectively.Slide18

Take Away PointsBSs are equipped with

more intelligence enabling them to make decisions by cooperating with each other for reducing energy consumption.Proposed architecture is distributed,

adaptive

and

autonomous

.

This architecture is suitable for both homogeneous networks as well as next generation heterogeneous networks.

Proposed architecture and algorithm can save a substantial amount of energy at the access networks, which is very important for achieving a self- sustainable green communications future.