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11. 11 Physics 2415 Lecture 7. Michael Fowler, UVa. Today’s Topics. Field lines and . equipotentials. Partial derivatives. Potential along a line from two charges. Electric breakdown of air. Potential Energies Just Add. Physics 2415 Lecture 3. Michael Fowler, UVa. Today’s Topics. Continuous charge distributions: line of charge. Visualizing the field: lines of force. Electron moving in a field. Electric dipoles. Superposition. Introduction to Electricity. Let review…. All matter is made up of atoms.. Atoms are made of charged subatomic particles.. Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter, similar to mass.. The electromagnetic force exists between protons and electrons. Like charges repel. Opposite charges attract.. ’. LAW. Class Activities: Gauss. ’. Law. Discussion. Gauss vs Coulomb. Discussion re "which is more fundamental, Gauss or Coulomb" (and, why) Let them discuss. (Pointed out the Coulomb came first, historically. And that from one, you can show the other, in statics. But also pointed out Coulomb is *wrong*, but Gauss is always true, in non-static cases. Also pointed out Gauss is always true but not always *helpful* to solve for E in a given problem…) . Essential Knowledge. 1.B.2. : There are only two kinds of electric charge. Neutral objects or systems contain equal quantities of positive and negative charge, with the exception of some fundamental particles that have no electric charge.. . 21-6 The . Electric . Field. Gravitational . Field. +. -e. Electric Field. +. +. +. Units . N/C. 21-6 Electric Field. https://. www.youtube.com/watch?v=xg0Lg-uSMSQ. 21-6 Electric Field: point charge. Positive. Negative. It can’t happen!. The magnitude of an electric field due to a point charge . q. at a distance . r. away depends on the strength of the charge of a test particle. True. False. Positively charged . Electrons on an insulator (zoomed in).. Zoomed out – difficult to “see” individual electrons . smooth distribution of charge..  Like charge is “smeared” on the insulator.  . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. and Energy. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.. What. '. s new in this chapter. What is the interaction responsible for holding the particles together is the same interaction that makes the toner stick to a copier drum and a balloon stick to your hair, as well as many other phenomena that we observe in our everyday world.. Chapter 21. © 2016 Pearson Education Inc.. Learning Goals for Chapter 21. Looking forward at …. how objects become electrically charged, and how we know that electric charge is conserved.. how to use Coulomb’s law to calculate the electric force between charges.. and Energy. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.. What. '. s new in this chapter. What is the interaction responsible for holding the particles together is the same interaction that makes the toner stick to a copier drum and a balloon stick to your hair, as well as many other phenomena that we observe in our everyday world.. What makes up all matter?. What does it mean to be “charged”?. What are the (names &) methods of charging?. What do charged objects do?. What is GROUNDING?. What . are insulators & conductors?. Physicists have identified four fundamental forces that account for the account all phenomena in the universe. .* . Force. Strength. Distance of action. Description. Strong nuclear. Very. strong!. Very, very Short.