Marshallese Language Experience Katak Kajin Majol Hawaii TESOL May 15 th 2019 Brent A Green Todays Plan Where in the world are the Marshall Islands Brief discussion of the history Discussion of the Marshallese Sound System ID: 766754
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Marshallese Language Experience (Katak Kajin Majol) Hawaii TESOL May 15 th , 2019 Brent A. Green
Today’s PlanWhere in the world are the Marshall Islands? Brief discussion of the historyDiscussion of the Marshallese Sound System Basic language functions: Greetings, Sharing Basic Information, NumbersSong-Ij Iokwe Lok Aelon Io Ao (Former National Anthem)
Where in the world are the Marshall Islands?
Atollshttps://www.britannica.com/science/atoll/media/41543/100520
The Marshall Islands HistoryMigration and PrecontactSpain (mid 1500s, very little contact)Germany Protectorate (late 1800s)Japan (after WWI)The United States (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands after WWII)Independence (1979) and the Compact of Free Association (1986)Challenges of the 21st CenturyGlobal warmingFlooding and droughtEconomic hardshipsPopulation72,179 (living in the Marshall Islands)6000 (Arkansas) (see Sierra Club article)7000 (Hawaii)3000 (Spokane)
The Pacific Proving Grounds
Random Fact: Jose Salvador Alvarenga—438 Days at Sea
Marshallese Sound System Information adapted from Practical Marshallese by Peter Rudiak-Gould 2004.Vowelsa, ā, e, i, o, ō, o, u, ūConsonantsb, d, j, k l, ļ, m, m, n, n, n, p, r, t, wSee handout
aWhat it really is: this letter actually stands for two different sounds; in some words it is like the ‘o’ in cot, and in other words it is halfway between the ‘o’ in cot and the ‘a’ in cat*Good enough: always pronounce it cotak ‘but, or’ta ‘what’pako ‘shark’
āWhat it really is: halfway between pet and patGood enough: pronounce it pet āne ‘island’mā ‘breadfruit’
bWhat it really is: at the end of words, or when there are two b’s in a row, pronounce it like an English p, but with the lips slightly rounded and the tongue pulled back and raised at the back of the mouth, giving it a ‘darker’ sound; everywhere else, like English b but with the lips and tongue as described aboveGood enough: like English p at the end of words, but b everywhere elseba ‘say, tell’baba ‘dad’jaab ‘no’
dWhat it really is: like a Spanish trilled (rolled) r, but the tongue is right behind the teeth instead of further backGood enough: like a Spanish untrilled (not rolled) r, or the light t in English ‘gotta’dik ‘small, young’jidik ‘a little’ad ‘our’
eWhat it really is: this letter actually stands for two different sounds; in some words it is like pet, and in other words it is halfway between pet and pitGood enough: always pronounce it petetal ‘go’men ‘thing’ne ‘foot, leg’
iWhat it really is: like beat at the end of words or when there are two i’s in a row; like yet at the beginning of words if it is followed by a vowel; like bit everywhere elseGood enough: pronounce it beat, bit, or yet based on how it sounds in the word in ‘of’ni ‘coconut’iokwe ‘hello, love’
jWhat it really is: halfway between pats and patch (or mass and mash) at the beginning or end of a word, or if there are two j’s in a row; everywhere else, halfway between maze and the second ‘g’ in garageGood enough: pronounce like English s, sh, or ch at the beginning and end of words; pronounce it as in garage everywhere elsejambo ‘take a walk ’ jijet ‘sit down’ moj ‘finished’
kWhat it really is: at the beginning or end of a word, or when there are two k’s in a row, like cot, but with the tongue a little further back; everywhere else, like got, again with the tongue a little further backGood enough: when between two vowels, pronounce it like got; otherwise pronounce it like cotki ‘key’kiki ‘sleep’ek ‘fish’
lWhat it really is: like lull, but NOT like lull; the tip of the tongue touches the ridge behind the teethGood enough: like English llo ‘see’ilo ‘in, at’al ‘sing, song’
lWhat it really is: like lull, but NOT like lull; the tip of the tongue touches the ridge behind the teeth, and the back of the tongue is pulled back and raised at the back of the mouth, giving it a ‘darker’ soundGood enough: like English lladdik ‘boy’tala ‘dollar’al ‘sun’
mWhat it really is: like an English mGood enough: same as abovemaron ‘can’im ‘and’
mWhat it really is: like an English m, but with the lips rounded and the tongue pulled back and raised at the back of the mouth, giving it a ‘darker’ soundGood enough: like an English mmama ‘mom’emman ‘good’em ‘house’
nWhat it really is: like an English nGood enough: same as abovenana ‘bad’ioon ‘on’
nWhat it really is: like sing (the only difference in Marshallese is that it can be put at the beginning of a syllable, not just at the end)Good enough: same as abovena ‘me’mona ‘eat’jan ‘cry
nWhat it really is: like English n, but with the tongue pulled back and raised at the back of the mouth, giving it a ‘darker’ soundGood enough: like English nno ‘wave’konaan ‘want, like’en ‘that’
oWhat it really is: this letter actually stands for two sounds; in some words it is tone, with the lips rounded, and in others it is halfway between tone and tune, with the lips roundedGood enough: always pronounce it like toneko ‘run away’kajoor ‘strong’
oWhat it really is: this letter actually stands for two different sounds; in some words it is halfway between beat and boot, with the tongue a little lower, and in other words it is halfway between bet and boatGood enough: in some words it is like buck, in other words it is like bookwon ‘turtle’won ‘who’monono ‘happy’
oWhat it really is: like pot, but with the lips rounded (the stereotypical way that people on the East Coast pronounce August or awful)Good enough: pronounce it like pot or boatlojet ‘ocean’enno ‘tasty’
pWhat it really is: at the end of a word or when there are two p’s in a row, pronounce it like English p; everywhere else pronounce it like bGood enough: like English p at the end of words, or b everywhere elsepepe ‘decide’iiep ‘basket’
rWhat it really is: like a Spanish trilled (rolled) rGood enough: like a Spanish untrilled (not rolled) r, or the light t in English ‘gotta’ripalle ‘American’ire ‘fight’iar ‘lagoon’
tWhat it really is: at the beginning or end of a word, or when there are two t’s in a row, like English t, but with the tongue pulled back and raised at the back of the mouth, giving it a ‘darker’ sound; everywhere else, like d but with the tongue as described aboveGood enough: when between two vowels pronounce it like English d;otherwise pronounce it like English tti ‘tea’itok ‘come’aet ‘yes’
uWhat it really is: like English tune, with the lips roundedGood enough: same as abovetutu ‘wet, take a shower, go swimming’
uWhat it really is: halfway between beat and bootGood enough: like bookul ‘fin’wut ‘flower’
wWhat it really is: like English wGood enough: same as abovewa ‘boat, vehicle’awa ‘hour, time’
Beginning Phrases—Hello and goodbye MarshalleseTranslationIokwe (yokwe) love Hello or Goodbye Iokwe iokwe love/love Hello Iokwe eok (yuk) love/you(singular) Hello or Goodbye (to one person only) Iokwe kom love/you(plural) Hello or Goodbye (to more than one person) Iokwe aolep love/all Hello everyone or Goodbye everyone Bar lo eok again/see/you(singular) See you later (to one person only) Bar lo kom again/see/you(plural) See you later (to more than one person)
Beginning Phrases—Good morning, afternoon, evening, and nightMarshalleseTranslationMorning!(from English) Good morning Iokwe in raelep love/of/afternoon Good afternoon Iokwe in jota love/of/evening Good evening Good night! (from English) Good night
Beginning Phrases—How are you?MarshalleseTranslationEmman mour ? good/life How are you? Ej et mour ? it-PRESENT/do what?/life How are you? Emman it-good I’m fine Elukkuun emman it-really/good I’m doing great Emmantata it-good- est / it is the best I’m doing fantastic! Ebwe it-okay I’m so-so Enana it-bad I’m not doing so well Elukkuun nana It-really bad I’m doing horribly Ak kwe ? What about/ you How about you?
Beginning Phrases—I’m sorryMarshalleseTranslationJolok bod throw away/mistake I’m sorry or Excuse me Jolok ao bod throw away/my/mistake I’m sorry or Excuse me Ejolok it-thrown away You’re forgiven Ejolok am bod it-thrown away/your/mistake You’re forgiven Ej emman wot it-thrown away/your/mistake That’s okay Jab inepata not/worry Don’t worry about it Ejjelok jorraan there is no/problem No problem Ejjelok problem there is no/problem No problem
Beginning Phrases—What’s your name? Thank you and you’re welcomeMarshalleseTranslationEtam?Name-your What’s your name? Eta in ____ Name-my/of/ My name is _____ Marshallese Translation Kommool You-thanked Thank you Kommool tata You-thanked- est Thank you very much Kon jouj For/kindness You’re welcome Jouj Kindness You’re welcome Marshallese Translation Kommool ak ij jab You-thanked/but/I-PRESENT/not No thank you Kommool ak ij jab kijor You-thanked/but/I-PRESENT/not/take offer No thank you
Other VocabularyMarshalleseTranslationaetyes jaab no lo see enno tasty mona food monono happy naninmej sick
DialogueA: Iokwe eok. A: Hello.B. Iokwe. Emman mour? B: Hi. How’s it going?A: Emman. Ak kwe? A: Good. How about you?B: Ebwe. Etam? B: So-so. What’s your name?A: Eta in Essa. Ak kwe ? A : My name is Essa . What about you? B: Eta in Lisson . Bar lo eok . B : My name is Lisson . See you later. A: Bar lo eok . A : See you later.
Write your own dialogue and practice with a classmateA:B:A:B:A:B:A:B:
Numbers1-911-1910-90100-9001000-9000 1 juon 11 jonoul juon 10 jonoul 100 jibukwi 1000 juon toujin 2 ruo 12 jonoul ruo 20 ronoul 200 rubukwi 2000 ruo toujin 3 jilu 13 jonoul jilu 30 jilnoul 300 jilubukwi 3000 jilu toujin 4 eman 14 jonoul eman 40 enoul 400 ebukwi 4000 eman toujin 5 lalem 15 jonoul lalem 50 lemnoul 500 limabukwi 5000 lalem toujin 6 jiljino ( jijino ) 16 jonoul jiljino 60 jiljinonoul 600 jiljinobukwi 6000 jiljino toujin 7 jimjuon 17 jonoul kimjuon 70 jimjuonoul 700 jimjuonbukwi 7000 jimjuon toujin 8 ralitok 18 jonoul ralitok 80 ralitonoul 800 ralitokbukwi 8000 ralitok toujin 9 ratimjuon 19 jonoul ratimjoun 90 ratimjuonoul900 ratimjuonbukwi9000 ratimjuon toujin
TimeMarshalleseTranslation Jete awa ? how many/time What time is it? Jete awa kiio ? how many/time/now What time is it now? Jete awa ippam ? how many/time/with you What time do you have? Ruo awa two/hour Two o’clock Ruo awa jonoul minit two/hour/ten/minute 2:10 Ruo awa jimattan two/hour/half Half past two Jonoul minit nan ralitok awa ten/minute/to/eight/hour Ten to eight Jogoul minit jan ralitok awa ten/minute/from/eight/ hour Ten after eight
AgePriceMarshalleseTranslation Jete am iio ? how many/your/year How old are you? ____ ao iio ____/my/year I am _____ years old Marshallese Translation Jete wonan ? how many/price-its How much does it cost? Jete wonan ____ how many/price-of/____ How much does ____ cost? Jiljino tala six/dollar Six dollars Lemnoul jaan fifty/cent Fifty cents Jiljino tala lemnoul jaan six/dollar/fifty/cent $6.50
Dialogue—Can you figure out what is being said?A: Iokwe in raelep. B: Iokwe iokwe. Ej et mour? A: Elukkuun emman. Etam? B: Eta in Tonika. A: Jete am iio kiio ? B: Ronoul ao iio . A: Jete awa ippam ? B: Juon awa jimattan . A: Kommooltata. Iokwe eok . B: Iokwe .
Ij Iokwe lok aelon eo ao Ij io̧kwe ļo̧k aelōn ̄ eo aō , ijo iaar ļotak ie , Meļan ko ie , im iaļ ko ie , im iiāio ko ie . Ij jāmin ilo̧k jāne , bwe ijo jikū em̧ool . Im aō ļām̧oran indeeo . Em̧m̧an ' ļan̄n̄e inaaj mej ie . I love my islands where I was born. The surroundings, the paths, and the gatherings. I cannot leave here because this is my rightful place. My family heritage is forever here. It is best for me to die here .
SourcesPeter Rduiak-Gould’s webpage where you can download Practical MarshalleseNik Wison’s free Marshallese-English Dictionary can be downloaded hereGreat 2019 Sierra article on the Arkansas Marshallese Diaspora can be found here.