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Matthew Toohey 1 Kirstin Krüger 12 Claudia Timmreck 3 Hauke Schmidt 3 1 GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Germany 2 Now at University of Oslo Norway. The volcanic aerosol cloud forms in several weeks by the conversion of sulfur dioxide SO to sulfate aerosol and its subsequent microphysical transfor mations The resulting cloud of sulfate aerosol particles with a residence time of a couple of years Chapter 9 . Section 1. Volcanic Eruptions. Volcanoes – areas of Earth’s surface through which magma and volcanic gases pass. In seconds a volcanic eruption can turn an entire mountain into a cloud of ash and rock. Didier . Swingedouw, . Juliette Mignot, Eric Guilyardi, Pablo Ortega, . M. yriam . Khodri. EPIDOM. Evaluation of Interannual to decennial predictability starting from observations and models. Van . Oldenborgh.
eruptions ClaudiaTimmreck, 1 Hans
F.Graf, 2 StephanJ.Lorenz, 1 UlrikeNiemeier, 1 DavideZanchettin, 1 DanielaMatei, 1 JohannH.Jungclaus, 1 andThomasJ.Crowley 3 Received13September2010;revised29Octo Impacts on the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Initiation of the Little Ice Age. . Alan . Robock and . Joanna Slawinska . (robock@envsci.rutgers.edu), Dept. . Environmental Sciences. , Rutgers University. Chapter 9 . Section 1. Volcanic Eruptions. During an eruption . magma. is forced to the Earth’s surface. Magma. – molten rock below the Earth’s surface. Lava – magma that . flows. on the Earth’s surface. Describe how the locations of volcanoes are related to plate tectonics.. Suggest why volcanoes are found at convergent and divergent plate boundaries.. Describe how . intraplate. volcanoes form.. Volcanic activity takes place primarily at . How and why do volcanoes erupt?. Hot, molten rock (magma) is buoyant (has a lower density than the surrounding rocks) and will rise up through the crust to erupt on the surface.. When . magma reaches the surface it depends on how easily it flows (viscosity) and the amount of gas (H. Warning . Know when event is happening. Education . Know what to do when an event happens. Research . Know what will happen in an event. ‘Water’ Volcanoes. . Water that can be hazardous that are due to magma or Lava. What is a volcano?. A volcano is a vent or 'chimney' that connects molten rock (magma) from within the Earth. ’. s crust to the Earth's surface. . The volcano includes the surrounding cone of erupted material. . Learning . Targets. Compare the types of volcanic eruptions. Describe a method for predicting volcanic eruptions. Volcanic Eruption. Magma collects in . magma chamber. Hot magma . expands. .  creates . Section 2: . Eruptions. K. What I Know. W. What I Want to Find Out. L. What I Learned. Essential Questions. How does magma type influence volcanic activity?. What is the role of pressure and dissolved gases in eruptions?. Maga. chamber pipe vent. Lavaflow. crater extinct. Pyroclastic flow dormant geyser. What is a Volcano?. A volcano is usually a cone shaped mountain or hill that opens downward to a pool of molten rock below the surface of the earth.. Társilo. Girona. Science . Questions: . One of the . most . enigmatic . volcanic signals . is shallow . tremor. , a highly-periodic ground vibration that is . long-lasting . (from minutes to years.