Lesson 3 Wow This is trippy You already know more than 999 of Americans You know more about the secret of the German language than the president of the United States The Secret of the German Language ID: 691780
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Slide1
The Secret of the German Language
Lesson 3:
Wow. This is trippy.
You already know more than 99.9% of Americans.
You know more about the secret of the German language than the president of the United States.Slide2
The Secret of the German Language
You know more about the secret of the German language than the head of homeland security.
You know almost as much about the secret of the German language as Einstein, relatively speaking.
But can you keep a secret?Slide3
The Secret of the German Language
Okay, we’ve looked at the 6 der words.
Can you name them?
We looked at the nominative and accusative cases.
What are those all about?
Now we are going to look at the last two columns. . .
If you dareSlide4
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
Now we are looking at the dative case. It is mostly about indirect objects,
although later we’ll learn prepositions that govern the dative case too.Slide5
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
So what’s an indirect object? And please don’t say that it’s an object that’s not direct.Slide6
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
My simple definition: An indirect object receives the direct object.Slide7
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
So in a sentence like this:
The student gives the teacher an apple.
The student is the subject. That’s easy.Slide8
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
So in a sentence like this:
The student gives the teacher an apple.
The apple is what’s being given. It’s the direct objectSlide9
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
The student gives the teacher an apple.
The teacher is receiving the apple; the direct object. That makes the teacher the indirect object.Slide10
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
The indirect objects follow the dative row. I call that row
“
MeRMaN
”.
It works with the article endings just like the others. It also works with all
der
words.Slide11
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
So try this. Identify the gender of each noun. Then identify its function in the sentence.
D__ Schüler gibt d__ Lehrer d__ Buch.Slide12
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
Oooh. This is tough. Did you get:
De
r
Schüler gibt de
m
Lehrer da
s
Buch.Slide13
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
Okay. Another challenge:
D__ Mädchen gibt dies__ Hund d__ Futter.Slide14
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
Oh snap. Did you get:
Da
s
Mädchen gibt diese
m
Hund da
s
Futter.Slide15
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
You look like you want a challenge. How about:
D__ Lehrerin erzählt jed__ Schüler d__ Geschichte.Slide16
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
You can go to the head of the class if you got this:
Di
e
Lehrerin
erzählt
jede
m
Schüler
di
e
Geschichte.Slide17
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
If you know the gender and the function in the sentence, you should be able to get the right endings if you use the chart.Slide18
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
In your chart on your
preliminary
notes add the little +n you see above.
This indicates that an extra –n is added to plural nouns (unless the noun already ends with an –n or ends with an –s)Slide19
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
So therefore you’ll see a sentence like this:
Die Mutter gibt de
n
Kinder
n
das Geschenk.Slide20
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
But since
Katze
for example is already pluralized with an –n, no extra –n is needed.
Das Mädchen gibt de
n
Katze
n
dieses Spielzeug.Slide21
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
So try two more. How would you do this sentence in German?
This father gives each girl money.Slide22
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
What a nice dad. Did you get:
Diese
r
Vater gibt jede
m
Mädchen Geld.Slide23
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
Okay, one more for the big money:
The boy explains the homework to the girl
(Do it this way
)
The boy explains the girl the homework.Slide24
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
If you got this, you earn the golden handshake:
De
r
Junge erklärt de
m
Mädchen di
e
Hausaufgabe.Slide25
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
And if he was explaining to the girls (plural), all you would change is:
Der Junge erklärt de
n
Mädchen die Hausaufgabe.Slide26
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
And if he was explaining to these girls, all you would change is:
Der Junge erklärt
diesen
Mädchen die Hausaufgabe.Slide27
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative(Subject)
Accusative(Direct Object)
Dative(Indirect Object)
And if he was explaining to every girl (singular) you would have:
Der Junge erklärt
jedem
Mädchen die Hausaufgabe.Slide28
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
R
S
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
So now we get to the newest part of the secret. Here’s the secret to the genitive: There isn’t a really good English equivalent.Slide29
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
R
S
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
It’s a possessive case that is often translated as “of the” even though it looks just like “the” alone.Slide30
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
R
S
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
Here’s what it looks like:
Der Kuli de
r
Frau ist blau.
“The pen
of the
woman is blue.”
We usually say “the woman’s pen is blue.”Slide31
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
R
S
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
But, although we
usually say “the woman’s
pen” in English, we can only add the possessive
–s
to proper nouns in German.Slide32
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
R
S
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
Hence:
Der
Kuli
der
Frau
– Correct
Die
Fraus
Kuli
– Incorrect…but…
Frau Birds
Kuli
–
is
correct!Slide33
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
R
S
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
Try this one. How would you translate this?
Die Katze de
r
Kinder ist gelb. Slide34
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
R
S
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
Die Katze de
r
Kinder ist gelb.
The cat of the children is yellow or
The children’s cat is yellow. Slide35
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
R
S
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
Die Katze de
r
Kinder ist gelb.
Now a hard question: What is the subject of this sentence?Slide36
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
R
S
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
Di
e
Katze de
r
Kinder ist gelb.
The cat is the subject. “The children” is a genitive. You can tell from the endings.Slide37
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
+s
R
S
+s
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
Now in
preliminary
notes add the two +s signs you see. Similar to the +n earlier, we add an –s (or –
es
to monosyllabic words)
to masculine and neuter nouns in the genitive case.Slide38
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
+s
R
S
+s
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
Der Apfel de
s
Mann
es
ist rot.
Der Apfel de
r
Frau ist rot.
Der Apfel de
s
Kind
es
ist rot.
Der Apfel de
r
Kinder ist rot.Slide39
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
+s
R
S
+s
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
Try a couple of these. Identify the gender and then the function in the sentence.
D__ Stuhl d__ Schülerin ist kaputt.Slide40
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
+s
R
S
+s
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
Did you get this?
De
r
Stuhl de
r
Schülerin ist kaputt.Slide41
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
+s
R
S
+s
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
How about this one:
Jed__ Buch d__ Lehrer__ ist neu.Slide42
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
+s
R
S
+s
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
If you got this, you get a free fist bump.
Jede
s
Buch de
s
Lehrer
s
ist neu.Slide43
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
+s
R
S
+s
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
Try a translation:
The teacher’s board is white.
Change it first to:
The board of the teacher is white
And then solve.Slide44
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
+s
R
S
+s
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
Here you go:
Di
e
Tafel de
s
Lehrer
s
ist weiß.Slide45
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
+s
R
S
+s
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
And if it were a female teacher:
Die Tafel de
r
Lehrerin ist weiß.Slide46
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
+s
R
S
+s
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
Final one:
The dog’s toy is dirty.
Remember to change the order.Slide47
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
+s
R
S
+s
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
You get a free Scooby Snak if you got this one right:
Da
s
Spielzeug de
s
Hund
es
ist schmutzig.Slide48
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
+s
R
S
+s
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
Finally to read off the four rows, I say:
Reesie
Neesie
Merman
Sir, sir.Slide49
R
E
S
E
N
E
SEMRMN+n
S
+s
R
S
+s
R
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)
And today’s tip:
Almost without exception, any noun referring to a male is masculine and any noun referring to a female is feminine.Slide50Slide51
R
E
S
E
NESEMRMN
+n
S
+s
R
S
+s
R
-e
-en
masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
adjective
Endings
Nominative
(Subject)
Accusative
(Direct Object)
Dative
(Indirect Object)
Genitive
(Possessive)