STUDY OF HERDMANIA Dr Jagdish kaur PGGC Sector 11 Chandigarh ABOUT HERDMANIA Found in shallow nature Commonly called sea squirt It is hermaphrodite Fertilization is external ID: 1034079
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1. PRESENTATION ON TYPE STUDY OF “HERDMANIA”Dr. Jagdish kaurP.G.G.C., Sector 11Chandigarh
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3. ABOUT HERDMANIA:Found in shallow natureCommonly called sea squirtIt is hermaphroditeFertilization is externalPinkish in colourBody is covered by testBasal attached part of it is called footSpicules are of two types:1.Megascleres2.Microscleres
4. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF HERDMANIA:
5. IMPORTANT PARTS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:1.ALIMENTARY CANAL2.DIGESTIVE GLAND1.alimentary canal comprises of:1. mouth : it forms the opening of branchial siphon 2.buccal cavity : it has its base a strong branchial sphincter.there is also a branchial tentacles close to the sphincter.it followed by pharynx3.pharynx: it is largest part of alimentary canal.divided into 2 regions: 1.prebranchial zone 2. branchial sac : gives the appearance of basket ,walls are perforated by stigmata or gill slits
6. 4.oesophagus: short curved tube. sharply bend and leads to stomach. 5. stomach:relatively wide. it leads into intestine6. intestine: u-shaped tube .two limbs are there: 1.descending limb 2.ascending limb7.rectum: short narrow tube leads into anus8:anus: bounded by four lip 2. digestive glands comprises of: 1. liver: 1.drains yellowish brown fluid into stomach . 2.Contains enzymes amylase,protease,weak lipase 2.pyloric gland: mainly consists of branching tubules.
7. digestion: it occurs by pharynx with the help of stigmata beATING , oesophagus where mucus is added into food , stomach where digestion takes place by enzymes which digests starch protease , intestine where process is completed completely.
8. BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM OF HERDMANIA:
9. ‘‘Important parts of BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM in herdmania are given below:(1) Heart and Pericardium:1.It is a non contractile, elongated and transparent TUBE running obliquely below the right gonad.2.filled with a colourless pericardial fluid.3.The heart is enclosed within the pericardium .4.There are no valves but a pear shaped body present midway in the pericardial body, probably regulates the flow of blood in the heart (2) BLOOD VESSELS : FOUR MAIN BLOOD VESSELS : 1. VENTRAL AORTA: DIVIDES INTO ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR LIMBSLARGEST VESSELSENDS TRANSVERSE BRANCHIAL VESSELS THAT CONNECTS WITH LONGITUDNAL BRANCHIAL VESSELANTERIOR LIMB SENDS PERIPHARYNGEAL VESSELS AND SUBTENTACULAR VESSELS
10. (b) Dorsal aorta:1. lying mid-dorsally on the dorsal wall of branchial sac. 2.It communicates WITH ventral aorta through transverse vessels of the branchial sac , the circular peripharyngeal , subtentacular vessels(c) branchiovisceral vessel:1.it ends behinds in two branches: {a} right oesophageal vessel carries blood to right parts of body{b} ventrointestinal vessel carries blood to left parts of body(d) cardiovisceral vessel: it gives:{a} right hepatic artery to right lobe of liver{b} oesophageotest vessel supplies to oesophagus{c} gives three branches: median dorsal, left gonadial, gastrointestinal test vessel i.e. dorsointestinal vessel and dorsal test vessel
11. COURSE OF BLOOD CIRCULATION:
12. Blood: contains eight types of cells:1.orange cells2.signet cells3.green or morula cells4.compartment cells5.eosinophilous cells6. lymphocytes7.macrophages8.nephrocytes
13. DIFFERENT TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS:
14. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF HERDMANIA:1.BRANCHIAL SAC: {A} MAIN RESPIRATORY ORGAN {B} WATER CURRENT IS MAINTAINED BY BEATING OF CILIA {C}WALL OF BLOOD VESSELS FACILITATES THE GASEOUS EXCHANGE2. TRABECULAE: VASCULAR AND CONSTANTLY BATHED IN FRESH SEA WATER3.TEST: AMPULLAE PRESENT IN IT HELPS IN BRINGING BLOOD VERY CLOSE TO SEA FOR GASEOUS EXCHANGE
15. NERVOUS SYSTEM OF HERDMANIANERVOUS SYSTEM:L.S. NERVE GANGLION:
16. NERVOUS SYSTEM CONSISTS OF:{A} CENTRAL NERVOUS SYTEM: (1.) CONSISTS OF SINGLE PINKISH NERVE GANGLION (2.)LIES IN INTERSIPHONOL REGION OF BODYWALL (3.) REFFERED TO AS BRAIN (4.) NERVE GANGLION COMPOSED OF NERVE CELLS AND NERVE FIBRES.{B} PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: (1.) COMPRISES OF THREE ANTERIOR NERVES AND TWO POSTERIOR NERVES (2.)ANTERIOR NERVES SENDS FIBRES TO TEST (3.) POSTERIOR NERVES SUPPLY BRANCHES TO TENTACLES , MUSCLES OF ATRIAL SIPHON
17. SENSE ORGANS:(A) TANGORECEPTORS : SENSITIVE TO CONTACT(B) PHOTORECEPTORS : {1.} SENSITIVE TO LIGHT {2.} CONSISTS OF SQUAMOUS CELLS CONTAINING RED PIGMENTED GRANULES(C) CHEMORECEPTORS: a. dorsal tubercle: 1. lies in prebranchial zone , 2. consists of base with conical lobes, 3.it is olfactory cum gustatory receptorb. tentacles : regarded as olfactoreceptors(d) rheoreceptors: sensitive to water(e) thermoreceptors : sensitive to temperature
18. Reproductive system of herdmania:
19. Sperm of herdmania:Ovum of herdmania:
20. Reproductive system consists of :{a} gonads: (1). Each gonad consists of ten to twenty five lobes (2). median lobe is bean shaped (3). Lobes has two parts: testicular part and ovarian part{b} gonoducts:(1).each gonad has oviduct and vas deferens (2). Sperm ductule leads to vas deferens (3). Ovarian ductule leads to oviduct{c} gametes: (1).sperm: has head, middle piece, and tapering tail(2).ovum: 1.contains yolk in it 2. large excentric nucleus 3. closely invested in vitteline membrane 4. outside it :inner chorion and outer chorion lie 5.inner follicle and outer follicle cells are there
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