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NATIONAL  historY OF Patani, ITS UPRISING against colonialism, and ITS STRUGGLE FOR LIBERATION NATIONAL  historY OF Patani, ITS UPRISING against colonialism, and ITS STRUGGLE FOR LIBERATION

NATIONAL historY OF Patani, ITS UPRISING against colonialism, and ITS STRUGGLE FOR LIBERATION - PowerPoint Presentation

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NATIONAL historY OF Patani, ITS UPRISING against colonialism, and ITS STRUGGLE FOR LIBERATION - PPT Presentation

PATANI MALAY CONSULTATIVE CONGRESS Background OF NATION OF Patani The Nation of Patani is a nation that is located within the Malay Archipelago in Southeast Asia that covers the entire archipelago of Indonesia Brunei Philipina ID: 792897

malay patani sultan siam patani malay siam sultan government pattani siamese songkhla raja thai thailand ayutthaya kingdom provinces praya

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Slide1

NATIONAL historY OF Patani, ITS UPRISING against colonialism, and ITS STRUGGLE FOR LIBERATION

PATANI MALAY CONSULTATIVE CONGRESS

Slide2

Background OF NATION OF Patani :

The Nation of Patani

is a nation that is located within

the Malay Archipelago

in Southeast Asia that covers the entire archipelago of Indonesia, Brunei, Philipina, Madagascar, Malaysia and Pattani. The Nation of Patani streches from the Isthmus of Kra bordering Myanmar, and Siam (Thai Ayutthaya) in the North, with the Andaman Sea and the Straits of Malacca to the West and bordering the Malaysian States of Perlis, Kedah, Perak and Kelantan to the South with the South China Sea to the East.Original population in Patani is made ​up of Malays. The Malay archipelago holds 200 millionMalays with Patani contributing 3 million people.

Slide3

THE effects of THAI colonialism on PATANI

Now you know more about Patani as Southern Thailand than Patani the proud nation with

a long history.

Thus, the study from the perspective of history, geography and

structure of society which exhibits cultures and traditions unique to Patani is an absolute necessity.

Slide4

National Population OF Patani

Now in 14 provinces of

Patani

in Southern Thailand lives various races

with a total population reaching 15 million people. About 5 million lives in the five southernmost provinces of Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat, Songkhla and Satun. Racial composition in this region is estimated to be 80% Malays, 12% of Siam, 6% Chinese and 1.5% Indian / Pakistani and 0.5% other ethnic groups. While in nine other provinces, namely Chomphon, Raknong, Suratthani, Trang, Krabi, Nakhorn Sri Thammarat, Phuket, Phangnga and Phatthelung it is estimated the racial composition: Malay and / or Thai Muslim 35%, Siam Buddhist 30%, Chinese 20%, Pakistani / Indian 0.7% other ethnic groups (Burma, Laus

& Cambodia, Europe) 8%.

After the

Patani

Kingdom was conquered and colonized by the Kingdom of Siam

Ayuthaya

, the Siamese invaders slowly

changed the Malay names to

Siamised

names

The

Siamised

names of the Malay provinces are as follows, (

Siamised

/Malay):

Chomphon

(

Chupak

);

Raknong

(

Renong

);

Krabi

(

Gerbi

);

Surathani

(

Surat

/

Chahaya

);

Trang

(

Terang

)

;

Nakhon

Sri

Thammarat

(

Legor

); Phuket

(Bukit)

;

Phatthalung

(

Bedelong

);

Songkhla

(

Sanggora

);

Satun

(

Setul

);

Pattani

(

Pattani

);

Yala

(

Jala

);

Narathiwat

(

Menara

).

Slide5

the basic assimilation AND ETHNIC Elimination of MALAYS

:

The original Majority Malays

in

these 9 northern regions, has now become a minority as a result of the policy of ethnic cleansing, of planned immigration of Thais from the north and the general assimilation and ethnic elimination of Malayness from the population. However, in the 5 region of Songkhla, Satun, Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat the Thais were not fully successful to implement these injustices since there is strong revolt and rise of liberation movements against these ethnic cleansing cruelties by the Thais. For those who are not able to take open opposition in the country, many vocal Malay politicians are simply murdered, or emigrate out of the country as a strategic protest and continue their liberation struggle in the new countries they inhabit.

Slide6

Government of Sultanate of Patani :

According to history of Southeast Asia and World History,

it

is

established that since the second and third centuries there has been a pre-Islamic Malay Kingdom of Patani based in Patani with the name of Langkasuka which reign over the whole northern area of the Malay Peninsula (Malay Peninsula) from the Isthmus of Kra (Ithmus of Kra) to the south and is bordered by Perlis, Kedah, Perak and Kelantan (Malaysia now). After the Rulers of Langkasuka accepted Islam in the 10th century, the name Langkasuka is replaced with the name of the Malay Muslim Sultanate of Patani or simply, Patani . This is evident from the remains of the tombstones in the old cemetery written in Kufi in Kota Marhum located at Tanjung Budi dated 1039 AD. Patani at that time served as the center of trade and bartering (Barter Trade) between the East and the West. This has made Patani famous as an advanced and great nation in this region together with Pasai (Aceh now). This also proves the existence of the

Sultanate of Patani which was even earlier than the Sultanate of

Malacca, which only

existed in

the year 1411 AD.

Slide7

Provocative actions BY Ayutthaya (Thailand) Against Patani

:

The

strategic

location and the glory of Pattani has caused envy to the Ayutthaya Siamese Government which led them to attack Patani by sending its navy to the waters of Patani. The Siamese threatened the peace and progress of trade and interfered with the arrival of foreign vessels entering the port of Patani. The Siamese engaged in violent wars against Patani in 1603; 1632 and 1633 but they were defeated. This angered the Siamese more leading them to hold a long grudge against Patani.

Slide8

Isolation Policy Atyutthya AGAINST

Patani :

For the purpose of continuing the effort and intent to destroy

the government of Patani

, Siamese Ayutthaya launched several new evil strategies to undermine the Government for the purpose of conquest of Patani. Among others are: invaded and conquered territories of the Northern Provinces of Patani, which was relatively weaker, where the center of military power is not so strong and pervasive. Thus began the conquest of the region one by one from Chomphon, Raknong, Suratthani and others up to Legor (Nakhorn Sri Thammarat) fell victim to the invasion. Isolate Patani, interfere with neighboring countries to not make contact with Patani under the threat of war with Siam. Their evil strategy worked and the port and commercial center of Patani lost its competitiveness with other countries such as the port of Malacca and Batavi (Indonesia) .National greatness and strength of Patani and its port weakened by these evil strategies.

Slide9

THE Fall

of Patani &

the evil of

Siam:

Based on historical fact, the Malay government was illegally ousted by the Kingdom of Siam in 1786, after a series of brutal attacks, about 183 years after the first failed attempt in 1603. The Thai Army led by Praya Klahom claimed victory after very fierce battles which took place on land and sea, led by the Sultan Mohamad, who took the throne after the death of Sultan Mas Chayam in the year 1786. In this war (1786) the Sultan died a martyr defending his Sultanate.

Following

this

defeat

of

the Malay Kingdom, then began the action of

violent revenge

, cruelty and brutality against the people of Patani

Malays

by the

Siamese.

Slide10

Initial Power

Up Thailand UPON

Pattani

:The following year, in the year 1787 the Siamese Kingdom of Ayutthaya was put under the authority of the administration of King Nakhorn Sri Thammarat (Legor) and he appointed Tengku Lamidin a relative of the Sultan of Patani as a puppet sultan to take an oath to be faithful and obedient to the rule of Ayutthaya and send ”Gold Tributes" once every 3 years as a sign of agreed subserviency.

  As a gesture to show

its

power, the Thai

government made

a number of restructuring

of the provinces of Patani.

Di

stricts

in Pattani province

, Tiba

(Thepa), Chenak (Channak), Sanggora (Songkhla), Bedelung (Pattalung)

were removed

from Pattani province and placed or inserted into Nakhorn Sri Thammarat Province (Legor).

Slide11

Rebellion in 1789; 1808; & Implications

In 1789, Tengku Lamidin led the revolt with the people against the forces of

the government of

King of

Ayutthaya. Initially, the revolt was a success so that they can regain control of the entire province of Patani who surrendered to Raja Legor / Nakhorn and regain control of the entire system of government and institutions of Patani. After three years of rule and defending its sovereignty, the Government of Patani under Sultan Lamidin was again ousted by the Siamese in 1791 and Patani again fall into the hands of the Siamese Ayutthaya. Sultan Lamidin was

also killed in the war.

After the

ouster

of Patani

for the second time,

the Thai Government

applied

a

Commissioner

System

as well as

appointed puppet Rajas.

Raja Datuk

Pangkalan

was appointed as Sultan in the second era of Patani

.

T

he

District Songkhla

was made

new territory

outside

Pattani

Province,

and Territory Nakhorn Sri Thammarat

served

as the new Administrative Centre of the Kingdom of Siam.

In 1808, another rebellion against the Government of

Siam Ayutthya.

Sultan

Datuk Pengkalan rose

with his people

to free Patani from Siam but in 1810 they lwere ousted agai.

As a result of this defeat, the Sultan himself was killed and other dignitaries were arrested and

made

​prisoners, some of them moved

to

the Federated Malay neighbors.

Slide12

DIVIDE AND RULE POLICY OF SIAM

:

Patani

as a country was divided into 14 sub-regions. Pattani; Nongchik; Yala; Raman; Yaring; Teluban and Legeh were given to puppet Rajas who rule on matters of customs and culture alone. They are appointed as long as they are obedient and loyal to the Government of Thailand.

While 7 other smaller territories

were placed

directly under the central government in

Songkhla such as Narathiwat

, Satun; and Songkhla

itself

.

Such

actions

were made

with

the intention to

remove Malay rulers

and

is the start of

the process to make all the territory of Patani as

belonging

to Thailand

Slide13

Rebellion In 1832 :

All the

Rajas

in

the seven regions that were previously broken up by Siam combined to rally against Thai colonialism. This movement gained control of all provinces and territories and continued to move up close to the central administration of Siam in Songkhla. However lack of fire arms and logistical problems wee the main cause of their failure in every battle they faced.

Patani people were

massacred

when

help of

4 garrison troops from Bangkok arrived in the port of Songkhla

guns

and cannons.

This

was the last war that

led

by the Patani Malay rulers, while the Government

of Siam continued

to

tightened its colonisation of Patani

.

They changed name of Patani Sultan as follows

Raja of

Pattani Province

becane

Praya Wichit Pakdi,

Raja of

Nongchik

became

Praya

Phichar Phibul

 

Raja of Teluban became

Praya

Ratna Pakdi

 

Raja

Yalaof

Province

became

Praya

Narongrit Pakdi

Raja

Legeh became

Praya

Pupa Pakdi

 

Raja

Yaring became

Praya

Pipit Pakdi

  

Raja Raman

Slide14

steps tO FINALLY REMOVE Patani

Malay Rulers in 1902:

Sultan Sulaiman

Shariffaddin of Patani

died in 1899, Tengku Abdul Qadir Qamaruddin was crowned as the Sultan of Pattani, in which he was the last sultan of Patani. 1902 was a year of darkness to eliminate all remaining rights of the Malay Rulers The Thais placed seven small states of Patani

and placed under a central government called "Bariwen".

They appointed

a

Thai commissioner

to head the new administration Thai there, but still placed under the management and control of the High Commissioner based in Sanggora Siam (Songkhla).

Bangkok has sent a senior officer to Patani to persuade or if necessary to force the

Sultans

s

to release all rights and

power to

the King of Thailand. In return, the

Sultans

and the family

were promised

compensation and retirement pension for life

, under

condition that the

treasury and financial

wealth

of the states

are delivered to the King of Siam.

Slide15

In 1899, the King of Patani Sultan Abdul Qadir Qamaruddin took the

throne after the death of his father, Sultan Sulaiman Sharifaddin. Sultan Qamaruddin absolutely cannot accept all the conditions

set forth by the King of Siam. He

saw they were all

tricks and malice by the Siamese invaders to destroy all remnants of sovereignty and the rights and powers of the Malay rulers and aimed to hoodwink the Malays and the Malay states. Sultan Qamaruddin have protested and accused Thailand of: Wanting to remove all forms of Malay and Islamic tradition associated with sharia law, justice, crime, financial transactions, distribution of the estate and others. Wanting to introduce and impose teaching of Buddhism to Patani Malay Muslims Cancelling penalties on Muslims for not attending Friday prayers. Allowing sex crimes against Muslim women. Appointing of Commissioner of Siam to Patani to force tax collections

from the

people.

Commissioner's intervention in the affairs of

taxes

made

​​for the purpose of

sending gold

tribute to Bangkok.

Commissioner

of Siam imposed

tax on salt by

force

.