PATANI MALAY CONSULTATIVE CONGRESS Background OF NATION OF Patani The Nation of Patani is a nation that is located within the Malay Archipelago in Southeast Asia that covers the entire archipelago of Indonesia Brunei Philipina ID: 792897
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Slide1
NATIONAL historY OF Patani, ITS UPRISING against colonialism, and ITS STRUGGLE FOR LIBERATION
PATANI MALAY CONSULTATIVE CONGRESS
Slide2Background OF NATION OF Patani :
The Nation of Patani
is a nation that is located within
the Malay Archipelago
in Southeast Asia that covers the entire archipelago of Indonesia, Brunei, Philipina, Madagascar, Malaysia and Pattani. The Nation of Patani streches from the Isthmus of Kra bordering Myanmar, and Siam (Thai Ayutthaya) in the North, with the Andaman Sea and the Straits of Malacca to the West and bordering the Malaysian States of Perlis, Kedah, Perak and Kelantan to the South with the South China Sea to the East.Original population in Patani is made up of Malays. The Malay archipelago holds 200 millionMalays with Patani contributing 3 million people.
Slide3THE effects of THAI colonialism on PATANI
Now you know more about Patani as Southern Thailand than Patani the proud nation with
a long history.
Thus, the study from the perspective of history, geography and
structure of society which exhibits cultures and traditions unique to Patani is an absolute necessity.
Slide4National Population OF Patani
Now in 14 provinces of
Patani
in Southern Thailand lives various races
with a total population reaching 15 million people. About 5 million lives in the five southernmost provinces of Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat, Songkhla and Satun. Racial composition in this region is estimated to be 80% Malays, 12% of Siam, 6% Chinese and 1.5% Indian / Pakistani and 0.5% other ethnic groups. While in nine other provinces, namely Chomphon, Raknong, Suratthani, Trang, Krabi, Nakhorn Sri Thammarat, Phuket, Phangnga and Phatthelung it is estimated the racial composition: Malay and / or Thai Muslim 35%, Siam Buddhist 30%, Chinese 20%, Pakistani / Indian 0.7% other ethnic groups (Burma, Laus
& Cambodia, Europe) 8%.
After the
Patani
Kingdom was conquered and colonized by the Kingdom of Siam
Ayuthaya
, the Siamese invaders slowly
changed the Malay names to
Siamised
names
The
Siamised
names of the Malay provinces are as follows, (
Siamised
/Malay):
Chomphon
(
Chupak
);
Raknong
(
Renong
);
Krabi
(
Gerbi
);
Surathani
(
Surat
/
Chahaya
);
Trang
(
Terang
)
;
Nakhon
Sri
Thammarat
(
Legor
); Phuket
(Bukit)
;
Phatthalung
(
Bedelong
);
Songkhla
(
Sanggora
);
Satun
(
Setul
);
Pattani
(
Pattani
);
Yala
(
Jala
);
Narathiwat
(
Menara
).
Slide5the basic assimilation AND ETHNIC Elimination of MALAYS
:
The original Majority Malays
in
these 9 northern regions, has now become a minority as a result of the policy of ethnic cleansing, of planned immigration of Thais from the north and the general assimilation and ethnic elimination of Malayness from the population. However, in the 5 region of Songkhla, Satun, Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat the Thais were not fully successful to implement these injustices since there is strong revolt and rise of liberation movements against these ethnic cleansing cruelties by the Thais. For those who are not able to take open opposition in the country, many vocal Malay politicians are simply murdered, or emigrate out of the country as a strategic protest and continue their liberation struggle in the new countries they inhabit.
Slide6Government of Sultanate of Patani :
According to history of Southeast Asia and World History,
it
is
established that since the second and third centuries there has been a pre-Islamic Malay Kingdom of Patani based in Patani with the name of Langkasuka which reign over the whole northern area of the Malay Peninsula (Malay Peninsula) from the Isthmus of Kra (Ithmus of Kra) to the south and is bordered by Perlis, Kedah, Perak and Kelantan (Malaysia now). After the Rulers of Langkasuka accepted Islam in the 10th century, the name Langkasuka is replaced with the name of the Malay Muslim Sultanate of Patani or simply, Patani . This is evident from the remains of the tombstones in the old cemetery written in Kufi in Kota Marhum located at Tanjung Budi dated 1039 AD. Patani at that time served as the center of trade and bartering (Barter Trade) between the East and the West. This has made Patani famous as an advanced and great nation in this region together with Pasai (Aceh now). This also proves the existence of the
Sultanate of Patani which was even earlier than the Sultanate of
Malacca, which only
existed in
the year 1411 AD.
Slide7Provocative actions BY Ayutthaya (Thailand) Against Patani
:
The
strategic
location and the glory of Pattani has caused envy to the Ayutthaya Siamese Government which led them to attack Patani by sending its navy to the waters of Patani. The Siamese threatened the peace and progress of trade and interfered with the arrival of foreign vessels entering the port of Patani. The Siamese engaged in violent wars against Patani in 1603; 1632 and 1633 but they were defeated. This angered the Siamese more leading them to hold a long grudge against Patani.
Slide8Isolation Policy Atyutthya AGAINST
Patani :
For the purpose of continuing the effort and intent to destroy
the government of Patani
, Siamese Ayutthaya launched several new evil strategies to undermine the Government for the purpose of conquest of Patani. Among others are: invaded and conquered territories of the Northern Provinces of Patani, which was relatively weaker, where the center of military power is not so strong and pervasive. Thus began the conquest of the region one by one from Chomphon, Raknong, Suratthani and others up to Legor (Nakhorn Sri Thammarat) fell victim to the invasion. Isolate Patani, interfere with neighboring countries to not make contact with Patani under the threat of war with Siam. Their evil strategy worked and the port and commercial center of Patani lost its competitiveness with other countries such as the port of Malacca and Batavi (Indonesia) .National greatness and strength of Patani and its port weakened by these evil strategies.
Slide9THE Fall
of Patani &
the evil of
Siam:
Based on historical fact, the Malay government was illegally ousted by the Kingdom of Siam in 1786, after a series of brutal attacks, about 183 years after the first failed attempt in 1603. The Thai Army led by Praya Klahom claimed victory after very fierce battles which took place on land and sea, led by the Sultan Mohamad, who took the throne after the death of Sultan Mas Chayam in the year 1786. In this war (1786) the Sultan died a martyr defending his Sultanate.
Following
this
defeat
of
the Malay Kingdom, then began the action of
violent revenge
, cruelty and brutality against the people of Patani
Malays
by the
Siamese.
Slide10Initial Power
Up Thailand UPON
Pattani
:The following year, in the year 1787 the Siamese Kingdom of Ayutthaya was put under the authority of the administration of King Nakhorn Sri Thammarat (Legor) and he appointed Tengku Lamidin a relative of the Sultan of Patani as a puppet sultan to take an oath to be faithful and obedient to the rule of Ayutthaya and send ”Gold Tributes" once every 3 years as a sign of agreed subserviency.
As a gesture to show
its
power, the Thai
government made
a number of restructuring
of the provinces of Patani.
Di
stricts
in Pattani province
, Tiba
(Thepa), Chenak (Channak), Sanggora (Songkhla), Bedelung (Pattalung)
were removed
from Pattani province and placed or inserted into Nakhorn Sri Thammarat Province (Legor).
Slide11Rebellion in 1789; 1808; & Implications
In 1789, Tengku Lamidin led the revolt with the people against the forces of
the government of
King of
Ayutthaya. Initially, the revolt was a success so that they can regain control of the entire province of Patani who surrendered to Raja Legor / Nakhorn and regain control of the entire system of government and institutions of Patani. After three years of rule and defending its sovereignty, the Government of Patani under Sultan Lamidin was again ousted by the Siamese in 1791 and Patani again fall into the hands of the Siamese Ayutthaya. Sultan Lamidin was
also killed in the war.
After the
ouster
of Patani
for the second time,
the Thai Government
applied
a
Commissioner
System
as well as
appointed puppet Rajas.
Raja Datuk
Pangkalan
was appointed as Sultan in the second era of Patani
.
T
he
District Songkhla
was made
new territory
outside
Pattani
Province,
and Territory Nakhorn Sri Thammarat
served
as the new Administrative Centre of the Kingdom of Siam.
In 1808, another rebellion against the Government of
Siam Ayutthya.
Sultan
Datuk Pengkalan rose
with his people
to free Patani from Siam but in 1810 they lwere ousted agai.
As a result of this defeat, the Sultan himself was killed and other dignitaries were arrested and
made
prisoners, some of them moved
to
the Federated Malay neighbors.
Slide12DIVIDE AND RULE POLICY OF SIAM
:
Patani
as a country was divided into 14 sub-regions. Pattani; Nongchik; Yala; Raman; Yaring; Teluban and Legeh were given to puppet Rajas who rule on matters of customs and culture alone. They are appointed as long as they are obedient and loyal to the Government of Thailand.
While 7 other smaller territories
were placed
directly under the central government in
Songkhla such as Narathiwat
, Satun; and Songkhla
itself
.
Such
actions
were made
with
the intention to
remove Malay rulers
and
is the start of
the process to make all the territory of Patani as
belonging
to Thailand
Slide13Rebellion In 1832 :
All the
Rajas
in
the seven regions that were previously broken up by Siam combined to rally against Thai colonialism. This movement gained control of all provinces and territories and continued to move up close to the central administration of Siam in Songkhla. However lack of fire arms and logistical problems wee the main cause of their failure in every battle they faced.
Patani people were
massacred
when
help of
4 garrison troops from Bangkok arrived in the port of Songkhla
guns
and cannons.
This
was the last war that
led
by the Patani Malay rulers, while the Government
of Siam continued
to
tightened its colonisation of Patani
.
They changed name of Patani Sultan as follows
Raja of
Pattani Province
becane
Praya Wichit Pakdi,
Raja of
Nongchik
became
Praya
Phichar Phibul
Raja of Teluban became
Praya
Ratna Pakdi
Raja
Yalaof
Province
became
Praya
Narongrit Pakdi
Raja
Legeh became
Praya
Pupa Pakdi
Raja
Yaring became
Praya
Pipit Pakdi
Raja Raman
Slide14steps tO FINALLY REMOVE Patani
Malay Rulers in 1902:
Sultan Sulaiman
Shariffaddin of Patani
died in 1899, Tengku Abdul Qadir Qamaruddin was crowned as the Sultan of Pattani, in which he was the last sultan of Patani. 1902 was a year of darkness to eliminate all remaining rights of the Malay Rulers The Thais placed seven small states of Patani
and placed under a central government called "Bariwen".
They appointed
a
Thai commissioner
to head the new administration Thai there, but still placed under the management and control of the High Commissioner based in Sanggora Siam (Songkhla).
Bangkok has sent a senior officer to Patani to persuade or if necessary to force the
Sultans
s
to release all rights and
power to
the King of Thailand. In return, the
Sultans
and the family
were promised
compensation and retirement pension for life
, under
condition that the
treasury and financial
wealth
of the states
are delivered to the King of Siam.
Slide15In 1899, the King of Patani Sultan Abdul Qadir Qamaruddin took the
throne after the death of his father, Sultan Sulaiman Sharifaddin. Sultan Qamaruddin absolutely cannot accept all the conditions
set forth by the King of Siam. He
saw they were all
tricks and malice by the Siamese invaders to destroy all remnants of sovereignty and the rights and powers of the Malay rulers and aimed to hoodwink the Malays and the Malay states. Sultan Qamaruddin have protested and accused Thailand of: Wanting to remove all forms of Malay and Islamic tradition associated with sharia law, justice, crime, financial transactions, distribution of the estate and others. Wanting to introduce and impose teaching of Buddhism to Patani Malay Muslims Cancelling penalties on Muslims for not attending Friday prayers. Allowing sex crimes against Muslim women. Appointing of Commissioner of Siam to Patani to force tax collections
from the
people.
Commissioner's intervention in the affairs of
taxes
made
for the purpose of
sending gold
tribute to Bangkok.
Commissioner
of Siam imposed
tax on salt by
force
.