PPT-Labeling of DNA UNIT IV Radioactivity and stable isotopes

Rate of Radioactive decay with units GeigerMuller Counter An atom is composed of positively charged nucleus that is surrounded by negatively charged electrons The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons Atomic Number. 3.1. Carbon isotopes and the global carbon cycle3.2.1. Photosynthesis, respiration, export productivity, and surface-deep gradients3.2.3. For . B.Sc. Chemistry (General), Part- I. By. Dr. . Kakoli. . Banerjee. Department of Chemistry. Aims and Objectives. Definition of Radioactivity . Discovery of Radioactivity- The Pioneers. Cause of Radioactivity- Nuclear Instability. Lecture 30 . Beginnings. Stable isotope geochemistry is concerned with variations in the isotopic compositions of elements arising . small . differences in the chemical behavior of different isotopes of an . Kristina . Melnik. & Stephanie . Felten. University of Utah. Isotopic Labeling. References: . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopic_labeling. , . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossover_experiment_%. Tracing water sources and greenhouse gases using field-based stable isotope techniques. Overview:. 2. Oxygen and Hydrogen isotopes in water. Tracing the hydrological cycle. Agricultural water use. 3. Carbon isotopes in Carbon Dioxide and Methane . Lecture . 9. Absolute Dating of the Earth. Major Concepts. The discovery of radioactivity in the early 1900’s and the recognition that . radioactive deca. y . (a statistical event) . occurs at a constant average rate for particular unstable isotopes has provided a means of determining the absolute ages of earth materials. Lecture 9. Absolute Dating of the Earth. Major Concepts. The discovery of radioactivity in the early 1900’s and the recognition that . radioactive decay . (a statistical event) occurs at a constant average rate for particular unstable isotopes has provided a means of determining the absolute ages of earth materials. Two Methods. Which isotopes?. Binding Energy. What holds an atom together?. Forces of Nature and Atomic Structure:. Band (Island) of Stability. N/Z ratio. Number of stable isotopes. Isotope trends among the elements:. What number equals the number of protons?. Atomic Number. From the periodic table – . How is the mass of a “regular” (most abundant) atom determined?. Protons Neutrons = Atomic Mass. An Isotope is defined as…. Melnik. & Stephanie . Felten. University of Utah. Isotopic Labeling. References: . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopic_labeling. , . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossover_experiment_%. 28chemistry%29. -The nucleus is at the centre of the atom and contains the protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons are collectively known as . nucleons.. The sub-atomic particles:. Protons. are positively charged . becquerel. (. Bq. ), in honor of the scientist Henri Becquerel. One . Bq. is defined as one transformation, decay, or disintegration per second. Since sensible sizes of radioactive material contain many atoms, a . Rate of Radioactive decay with units. Geiger-Muller Counter. An atom is composed of positively charged nucleus that is surrounded by. negatively charged electrons.. The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons = Atomic Number. Two or more forms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, leading to different atomic mass.. Two types: . radioactive. and . stable. Stable isotopes do NOT break down (decay) over time..